Have not tried butyrate, thanks for the suggestion! Would definitely have to go down the supplement route as most butyrate producing foods are a no no for me. I eat a good amount of potatoes, and sometimes I eat them cooked....have noticed better digestion after that I’m assuming due to the resistant starch content. Might try potato starch by itself and see how that aligns. Adding it to my attempt list. Would you recommend any specific butyrate supplement? tried any?Have you tried supplementing with butyrate? If the colonocytes are not getting enough of it for energy, leaky gut with all of its associated problems is likely to result. The normal route for butyrate production is bacterial fermentation of fiber and resistant starch in the large intestine. Haven't read through your whole thread, but I suspect that's not a route you want to take. Butyrate supplementation might prove beneficial without potentially problematic fiber.