The title of this thread is misleading because the patients were obese. That should be in the title:
"These patients were 56.9 6 1.0 years old and had controlled type 2 diabetes for 8.4 6 0.7 years, 7.7 6 0.1% (61 6 0.8 mmol/mol) HbA1c, and were overweight or obese, with an average BMI of 28.2 6 0.6 kg/m2."
The diet was 20% fat and 7% fiber, I wouldn't expect to get good results with that either, and it doesn't even say exactly what they ate:
"The energy and content of all test meals had the same macronutrient content and compo- sition (701 6 8 kcal; 20% fat, 54% carbo- hydrates, 26% protein, 7% fiber)."
And because it misuses the word "fasting." Intermittent "fasting" is not really fasting. It's a reduced calorie diet/feeding "window."
Ketogenic diets, intermittent "fasting" and medically supervised water only fasting in appropriately selected individuals are not all the same thing. They are all completely different and should not be lumped together. That's unscientific.
Only "dry" fasting and water-only fasting are true fasts but dry fasting is only done by weird hippies who lie about what they are really doing because it's impossible to do a dry fast for more than a few days. Water is needed for hydration and elimination of metabolic waste products through the kidneys. Intermittent "fasting" won't do anything for insulin resistance if one continues to eat high fat.
Energy usage of the body comes in 5 stages:
We take 2-3 days to reach stage 4 and that’s when actual fasting begins. To reach stage 5, it takes the typical person 40 days, depending on body reserves, and we would look anorexic from having lost most of our fat. There is a temporary loss of some protein before stage 4 begins. Water only fasting at stage 4 is a powerful way to restore insulin sensitivity but it most likely needs a few more days, about 10, which is really about 7 days from when stage 4 began.
- Directly from the food in your stomach/GI.
- Glycogen from your liver.
- Glycogen from your muscles.
- Ketosis: from your adipose tissues (fat deposits).
- Starvation: from your vital organs and tissues.
Fasting is not "starving." Starvation only begins once labile fat reserves are depleted and muscle and organ tissue is then catabolized for sugar (glucose).
"Fasting is a scientific method of ridding the system of diseased tissue, and morbid matter, and is invariably accompanied by beneficial results. Starving is the deprivation of the tissues from nutriment which they require, and is invariably accompanied by disastrous consequences. The whole secret is this: fasting commences with the omission of the first meal and ends with the return of natural hunger, while starvation only begins with the return of natural hunger and terminates in death. Where the one ends the other begins. Whereas the latter process wastes the healthy tissues, emaciates the body, and depletes the vitality; the former process merely expels corrupt matter and useless fatty tissue, thereby elevating the energy, and eventually restoring the organism that just balance we term health."-Hereward Carrington
Medically Supervised Water-only Fasting In The Treatment Of Hypertension
Low Fat Diet/fasting Reverses 42 Yr Old Woman's Cancer, Published In British Medical
Jounral
Man Lives Off His Fat Stores For 382 Days
.
I changed the title.