Amazoniac
Member
After Travis' insistence on the dangers of elevated homocysteine levels, it reminded me of a suspicion that cheeses are a refined food, just like muscle meat without other parts of the animal, and so it must have negative effects if you consume a lot without compensating for the loss. To his delight, in this experiment homocysteine rose from cheese methionine due to a lack of sufficient B-vitamins.
Cheese ‘refinement’ with whey B-vitamin removal during precipitation potentially induces temporal ‘functional’ dietary shortage: homocysteine as a biomarker - Food & Function (RSC Publishing)
"Cheese potentially becoming a refined food following precipitation and removal of whey, with massive losses of innate whey B-vitamins[12] relative to retained protein/methionine (MET) content (United States Department of Agriculture [USDA] Food Composition Database), may also induce metabolic/health disadvantages, similarly to those associated with refined grains.
Cheese losses ≈70% of B1, B2, and B3; ≈76% of B12–essential for protein metabolism and re-methylation of Hcy back to MET, for brain function, and DNA and hemoglobin production; and up to 84% loss of B6–required in proportional amounts to protein for its metabolism [13] and further for cardiovascular[14], bone[15]-[17] and brain health[18]."
"While vitamin B6, being a key cofactor in Hcy metabolism(Fig. 1)[19], is especially critical under high-protein conditions[20][21], cottage cheese – having a high protein/MET content – may yield a very low B6 level of ≈1.86μg/g protein (≈6.2-fold lower than in milk, ≥11.52μg/g) (USDA data). This level is far below the minimum B6:protein ratio considered sufficient for women (15-20μg/g)[13], and lower than the threshold (<0.5 μg/g) used for experimental induction of a vitamin B6-depleting diet[13][22]. Thus, cottage cheese can correspondingly be perceived as a B6-depleting food, which may induce an acute/temporal dietary flow shortage, potentially reflected by increased Hcy."
"Interestingly, though animal protein foods such as meat are high in all essential amino acids – including high MET content, the only dietary source of Hcy – increasing animal protein intakes did not consistently raise plasma Hcy[23][24], and in certain cases even decreased it[25]. This is because most animal proteins are also rich in B-vitamins, i.e. B6 and B12, which can lower plasma Hcy concentrations[26] (see Fig. 1). Here cheese is a notable exception, as it may potentially induce increased Hcy, due to its high ratio of protein/MET to B-vitamins, i.e. B6 and B12."
"in contrast to the expectation of dairy products (as animal protein) to be sources of B12, certain cheeses may induce an episodic dietary B12 shortage, potentially conferring metabolic risks, though with delayed health manifestations[27]. The 28.7% increase in Hcy found here (Fig. 3a) was much higher than shown in previous studies with other comparable animal proteins, i.e. meat[54], and some studies showing no increase. This is because most animal proteins such as meat, poultry, and fish, retain their innate B-vitamin content, resulting in cottage cheese having much higher protein:B-vitamin ratios, i.e. a ≈4-fold higher MET:B6 ratio and ≈2-fold higher MET:B12 ratio than beef (USDA Food Composition Database)."
"Extension of elevated Hcy to the next morning after the cheese load (24 hours) may further suggest that high, repeated, and habitual consumption of certain types of cheese may increase the cumulative effects of exposure to B-vitamin shortages, when high protein/MET intake is unopposed by B-vitamin co-supplementation/compensation."
"The potential of B6±folic acid co-administration to reduce the plasma Hcy response indicated here supports consideration of functional cheese fortification and/or recommendation for combinations with complementary foods high in B-vitamins, i.e. high-folate green leafy vegetables and/or oranges, to be consumed with cheese meals."
"The selection of female participants for the present study is justified by their expected high responsiveness to cheese-induced acute/temporal B6 shortage, due to their predisposition to hormone-induced lowered plasma B6 levels"
"Additional at-risk groups are lactovegetarians, subjects adhering to the DASH diet against hypertension, and those genetically predisposed to high Hcy, i.e. with a MTHFR mutation, who may be more predisposed to risk of cheese-induced B6 and B12 deficiencies."
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A Notion For The Nutrient Losses When Yogurt Is Strained
Cheese ‘refinement’ with whey B-vitamin removal during precipitation potentially induces temporal ‘functional’ dietary shortage: homocysteine as a biomarker - Food & Function (RSC Publishing)
"Cheese potentially becoming a refined food following precipitation and removal of whey, with massive losses of innate whey B-vitamins[12] relative to retained protein/methionine (MET) content (United States Department of Agriculture [USDA] Food Composition Database), may also induce metabolic/health disadvantages, similarly to those associated with refined grains.
Cheese losses ≈70% of B1, B2, and B3; ≈76% of B12–essential for protein metabolism and re-methylation of Hcy back to MET, for brain function, and DNA and hemoglobin production; and up to 84% loss of B6–required in proportional amounts to protein for its metabolism [13] and further for cardiovascular[14], bone[15]-[17] and brain health[18]."
"While vitamin B6, being a key cofactor in Hcy metabolism(Fig. 1)[19], is especially critical under high-protein conditions[20][21], cottage cheese – having a high protein/MET content – may yield a very low B6 level of ≈1.86μg/g protein (≈6.2-fold lower than in milk, ≥11.52μg/g) (USDA data). This level is far below the minimum B6:protein ratio considered sufficient for women (15-20μg/g)[13], and lower than the threshold (<0.5 μg/g) used for experimental induction of a vitamin B6-depleting diet[13][22]. Thus, cottage cheese can correspondingly be perceived as a B6-depleting food, which may induce an acute/temporal dietary flow shortage, potentially reflected by increased Hcy."
"Interestingly, though animal protein foods such as meat are high in all essential amino acids – including high MET content, the only dietary source of Hcy – increasing animal protein intakes did not consistently raise plasma Hcy[23][24], and in certain cases even decreased it[25]. This is because most animal proteins are also rich in B-vitamins, i.e. B6 and B12, which can lower plasma Hcy concentrations[26] (see Fig. 1). Here cheese is a notable exception, as it may potentially induce increased Hcy, due to its high ratio of protein/MET to B-vitamins, i.e. B6 and B12."
"in contrast to the expectation of dairy products (as animal protein) to be sources of B12, certain cheeses may induce an episodic dietary B12 shortage, potentially conferring metabolic risks, though with delayed health manifestations[27]. The 28.7% increase in Hcy found here (Fig. 3a) was much higher than shown in previous studies with other comparable animal proteins, i.e. meat[54], and some studies showing no increase. This is because most animal proteins such as meat, poultry, and fish, retain their innate B-vitamin content, resulting in cottage cheese having much higher protein:B-vitamin ratios, i.e. a ≈4-fold higher MET:B6 ratio and ≈2-fold higher MET:B12 ratio than beef (USDA Food Composition Database)."
"Extension of elevated Hcy to the next morning after the cheese load (24 hours) may further suggest that high, repeated, and habitual consumption of certain types of cheese may increase the cumulative effects of exposure to B-vitamin shortages, when high protein/MET intake is unopposed by B-vitamin co-supplementation/compensation."
"The potential of B6±folic acid co-administration to reduce the plasma Hcy response indicated here supports consideration of functional cheese fortification and/or recommendation for combinations with complementary foods high in B-vitamins, i.e. high-folate green leafy vegetables and/or oranges, to be consumed with cheese meals."
"The selection of female participants for the present study is justified by their expected high responsiveness to cheese-induced acute/temporal B6 shortage, due to their predisposition to hormone-induced lowered plasma B6 levels"
"Additional at-risk groups are lactovegetarians, subjects adhering to the DASH diet against hypertension, and those genetically predisposed to high Hcy, i.e. with a MTHFR mutation, who may be more predisposed to risk of cheese-induced B6 and B12 deficiencies."
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A Notion For The Nutrient Losses When Yogurt Is Strained
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