RenaissanceMan
Member
- Joined
- Jun 30, 2021
- Messages
- 194
Follow up to my previous post on Omega-3s and Peat's flawed perspective on them (they increase dopamine and reduce learned helplessness i.e. high serotonin):
raypeatforum.com
Recent research has found that with regards to male pattern baldness there is an excessive amount of a protein called prostaglandin D2 or PGD2 present in the areas of the scalp affected. Earlier studies carried out in Japan found that Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) effectively reduced/blocked the production of PGD2.
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Omega-3s inhibit COX-2 and EPA specifically has been noted to suppress PGD2 in mast cells (immune cells) by competing with arachidonic acid at the COX enzymes and has been noted to suppress PGD2 elsewhere in macrophages.
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
The researchers looked at all the genes in the scalp samples from five men, comparing the bald parts to the haired parts. They found higher expressions of the gene that produces PGD2 in the bald samples, compared to the spots with hair. With that as a guide, they found in samples of 17 men with hair loss that PGD2 was three times higher in the bald spots than where hair was growing. The scientists then used mice to show that excessive PGD2 decreased follicles.
Previous work has shown that the stem cells that create hair are still intact in bald men. The follicles are also there, though they look smaller and produce thinner, shorter hair. Over time, the hair is so short it no longer passes the surface of the skin.
Men may be able to regrow all their hair if this inhibiting protein is removed.
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Background: Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is catalysed by cyclo-oxygenase (COX), as is arachidonic acid, and is a competitive inhibitor of arachidonate metabolism.
Objectives: We examined the effect of EPA on prostaglandin (PG) D2 generation in the cultured human mast cells with IgE-anti-IgE challenge incubation.
Methods: Cultured human mast cells were incubated with EPA (1 micromol/L) for 20 h, then challenged with anti-IgE incubation after treatment with IgE. At the same time, COX inhibitors were tested to identify COX-1 and COX-2 activity. PGD2 synthetic activity was also assayed in a cell-free homogenate of cultured mast cells with COX inhibitors and EPA. Histamine in the culture medium and in cells was assayed with the HPLC-fluorescent method. PGD2 and PGD3 were assayed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the stable isotope dilution method.
Results: Although EPA incubation did not affect histamine release by cultured human mast cells in response to IgE-anti-IgE challenge incubation, it did decrease PGD2 generation by inhibiting the COX-2 pathway. In contrast, in the cell-free homogenate of cultured human mast cells, EPA inhibited both COX-1 and COX-2 activities.
Conclusion: Pre-incubation with EPA primarily affects the COX-2 pathway in cultured human mast cells and reduces PGD2 generation in response to IgE-anti-IgE challenge incubation. These findings suggest that COX-1 and COX-2 have different substrate flow systems in mast cells. They also suggest that endogenous EPA diet supplementation would reduce PGD2 production and could serve as an anti-inflammatory substrate in human mast cells.
This 2018 study found that a key source of omega-3s — fish oil — stimulated hair growth in rodents:
"DHA not only increased dermal papilla cells (DPC) proliferation but also upregulated levels of cell cycle-associated proteins such as cyclin D1 and cdc2 p34. These results show that FFO extract and DHA promote hair growth through the anagen-activating pathways in DPC."
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Peat Wrong About Omega 3? DHA & EPA increase dopamine and lower serotonin
Animal studies identify many effects of PUFAs in the dopamine system. Dietary deficiency of omega-3 PUFAs lowers levels of dopamine (de la Presa Owens and Innis, 1999), D2 receptors, D2 receptor mRNA and dopaminergic presynaptic vesicles (Zimmer et al., 2000a), and increases breakdown of...
Recent research has found that with regards to male pattern baldness there is an excessive amount of a protein called prostaglandin D2 or PGD2 present in the areas of the scalp affected. Earlier studies carried out in Japan found that Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) effectively reduced/blocked the production of PGD2.
Prostaglandin D2 inhibits hair growth and is elevated in bald scalp of men with androgenetic alopecia - PubMed
Testosterone is necessary for the development of male pattern baldness, known as androgenetic alopecia (AGA); yet, the mechanisms for decreased hair growth in this disorder are unclear. We show that prostaglandin D(2) synthase (PTGDS) is elevated at the mRNA and protein levels in bald scalp...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Omega-3s inhibit COX-2 and EPA specifically has been noted to suppress PGD2 in mast cells (immune cells) by competing with arachidonic acid at the COX enzymes and has been noted to suppress PGD2 elsewhere in macrophages.
Suppression of prostaglandin synthesis by arachidonic acid or eicosapentaenoic acid in a macrophage-like cell line, RAW 264.7, treated with LPS - PubMed
In a mouse macrophage-like cell line, RAW 264.7, increasing the arachidonic acid (AA) content, by culturing cells with AA, caused profound AA release, irrespective of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treatment, while lowering the AA content, by culturing cells with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
The researchers looked at all the genes in the scalp samples from five men, comparing the bald parts to the haired parts. They found higher expressions of the gene that produces PGD2 in the bald samples, compared to the spots with hair. With that as a guide, they found in samples of 17 men with hair loss that PGD2 was three times higher in the bald spots than where hair was growing. The scientists then used mice to show that excessive PGD2 decreased follicles.
Previous work has shown that the stem cells that create hair are still intact in bald men. The follicles are also there, though they look smaller and produce thinner, shorter hair. Over time, the hair is so short it no longer passes the surface of the skin.
Men may be able to regrow all their hair if this inhibiting protein is removed.
Eicosapentaenoic acid inhibits prostaglandin D2 generation by inhibiting cyclo-oxygenase-2 in cultured human mast cells - PubMed
Pre-incubation with EPA primarily affects the COX-2 pathway in cultured human mast cells and reduces PGD2 generation in response to IgE-anti-IgE challenge incubation. These findings suggest that COX-1 and COX-2 have different substrate flow systems in mast cells. They also suggest that...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Background: Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is catalysed by cyclo-oxygenase (COX), as is arachidonic acid, and is a competitive inhibitor of arachidonate metabolism.
Objectives: We examined the effect of EPA on prostaglandin (PG) D2 generation in the cultured human mast cells with IgE-anti-IgE challenge incubation.
Methods: Cultured human mast cells were incubated with EPA (1 micromol/L) for 20 h, then challenged with anti-IgE incubation after treatment with IgE. At the same time, COX inhibitors were tested to identify COX-1 and COX-2 activity. PGD2 synthetic activity was also assayed in a cell-free homogenate of cultured mast cells with COX inhibitors and EPA. Histamine in the culture medium and in cells was assayed with the HPLC-fluorescent method. PGD2 and PGD3 were assayed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the stable isotope dilution method.
Results: Although EPA incubation did not affect histamine release by cultured human mast cells in response to IgE-anti-IgE challenge incubation, it did decrease PGD2 generation by inhibiting the COX-2 pathway. In contrast, in the cell-free homogenate of cultured human mast cells, EPA inhibited both COX-1 and COX-2 activities.
Conclusion: Pre-incubation with EPA primarily affects the COX-2 pathway in cultured human mast cells and reduces PGD2 generation in response to IgE-anti-IgE challenge incubation. These findings suggest that COX-1 and COX-2 have different substrate flow systems in mast cells. They also suggest that endogenous EPA diet supplementation would reduce PGD2 production and could serve as an anti-inflammatory substrate in human mast cells.
This 2018 study found that a key source of omega-3s — fish oil — stimulated hair growth in rodents:
"DHA not only increased dermal papilla cells (DPC) proliferation but also upregulated levels of cell cycle-associated proteins such as cyclin D1 and cdc2 p34. These results show that FFO extract and DHA promote hair growth through the anagen-activating pathways in DPC."
Mackerel-Derived Fermented Fish Oil Promotes Hair Growth by Anagen-Stimulating Pathways - PubMed
Hair growth is regulated by the interaction between dermal papilla cells (DPC) and other cells inside the hair follicle. Here, we show the effect and action mechanism of mackerel-derived fermented fish oil (FFO) extract and its component docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the control of hair growth...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
