Insulin Resistance As An Endocrine Disorder

[haidut]

In some cases the preference for burning PUFA is possibly an opportunity to get rid of it so the body takes it.

That too. There is probably a level of PUFA that tilts the SFA/PUFA ratio too much in favor of PUFA and triggers some kind of release mechanism.

 

[Dezertfox]

That study says similar things to something I've posted before:

The Inflammatory Syndrome: The Role of Adipose Tissue Cytokines in Metabolic Disorders

As far as IR and T2D, I don't think it's that complicated. Type 1 may be complicated but type 2, no. Type 1 may be complicated because the person has to figure out how much insulin they need to inject into their blood every day for the rest of their lives. There are even machines that people wear on their waists to inject it for them now. But that's type 1. Not type 2. What other hormone is there to take besides insulin when one is a type 2? There's a lot of evidence that none is the answer because it can be reversed by diet and lifestyle. Insulin resistance is type two diabetes and type two diabetes is insulin resistance. The important part is that insulin resistance, also known as type two diabetes, is a temporary state.

Somethings I've written before:

"That is being a type two diabetic. Type two diabetes is insulin resistance and insulin resistance is type two diabetes. It's a temporary state. If a type two diabetic eats something that doesn't cause their glucose to go too high too quickly and stay too high, then they are not a type two diabetic in that moment. They are only a type two diabetic when their glucose stays high for too long. Type two diabetes does it's damage in it's temporary, not constant, state, which is high glucose that is not getting used quickly enough. It's the repeated high extracellular glucose that causes damage. Inside the cells, glucose is quickly transformed into a different molecule (glucose-6-phosphate) by an enzyme called hexokinase.. The intracellular concentration of glucose therefore remains very close to zero as long as the hexokinase remains active. Lower the fat, improve glucose utilization, cure type two diabetes/insulin resistance. The fat comes from ingesting dietary fat or liberated free fatty acids from one's own fat tissue, which is why when one loses excess fat tissue, type two diabetes is cured. Of course even if one lost fat tissue, they can still eat high fat to put themselves in a temporary insulin resistant state."

"The glucose number is not as important as how someone feels. Blood glucose rises and falls constantly for anyone and everyone because that's the nature of being human. But the healthier you are, the more you are able to handle going longer without eating because you store glycogen more efficiently and can use your glycogen more efficiently so your blood glucose will be utilized better than someone less healthy. That is the nature of being a hungry human, we get low blood glucose, so we need to eat glucose. Protein is mostly used for other things and fat can only be burned by muscles (but it is mostly stored right away in adipose tissue unless you’re being very active in that moment). The red blood cells and the brain can not burn fat. They need glucose. Ketones are not fat and the red blood cells can not burn ketones either. They always need glucose. If one feels really bad from either hypo or hyper glycemia then that is the problem. It's all about timing and thats exactly what Metformin hydrochloride does, it controls the timing of glucose so yes it reverses the temporary T2D state. The damaging action of the glucose is temporary until the levels go back to normal. A fat sick person will get damaged little by little daily until something worse happens like nerve damage. Yes blood tests are important but the glucose test isn't in this context because the problem isn't the glucose, it's fat that is blocking insulin from using the glucose efficiently. That fat can come from one's own adipose tissue and it can also come from the diet. This is what happens when you lower the dietary fat:

"OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this study was to determine the health effects of a high carbohydrate, low fat multi-cultural traditional diet, The Hawaii Diet, fed ad libitum to an adult population.

METHODS:
Twenty-two adults recruited from various cultural backgrounds in Hawaii were fed, without calorie or portion size restriction, the Hawaii Diet for 21 days. The Hawaii Diet, based on familiar traditional foods from different cultures, is high in complex carbohydrate (77% of calories), low in fat (12% of calories), and moderate in protein (11% of calories). Participants were encouraged to eat to satiety.

RESULTS:
There was a significant weight loss on The Hawaii Diet averaging 10.8 lbs (23.8 kg) (P < .0001). Blood pressure was decreased from an average of 136.0/82.7 mm Hg to 125.5/78.9 mm Hg yielding a significant decrease of 10.4 mm Hg for systolic (P < .01). Beginning diastolic levels were normal so decreases in these values were not significant. Average lipid values also decreased with total serum cholesterol being significantly reduced from 205.3 to 156.9 mg/dl (P < .0001); LDL from 125.9 to 94.9 mg/dl (P < .001); and HDL from 38.3 to 31.3 mg/dl (P < .0005). Triglycerides (238.7 to 152.2 mg/dl) and the Chol:HDL ratio (5.8 to 5.2) improved at marginally significant levels (P < .08). There was also a significant reduction in blood glucose levels from 112.2 to 91.5 mg/dL (P < .01).

CONCLUSION:
The Hawaii Diet consisting of high carbohydrate, low fat ethnic meals appears to have a beneficial influence on weight loss and in decreasing systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL, and blood glucose values. Marginal improvement occurred for triglyceride levels. There was also a significant drop in HDL levels, however, the Chol:HDL was ratio did not increase. Further studies of longer duration with a control group should be conducted to test the effectiveness of The Hawaii Diet in maintaining these health benefits over a longer period of time."

The Hawaii Diet: ad libitum high carbohydrate, low fat multi-cultural diet for the reduction of chronic disease risk factors: obesity, hypertension... - PubMed - NCBI

When they said "marginal improvement occurred for triglyceride levels," that's because the fatter you are, the more triglycerides you'll have, until you get to baseline, by losing all excess adipose tissue.

"People keep focusing on the level of glucose but let's get to the root of the problem. That's the key. Type two dibetics take a drug called Metformin hydrochloride. In type 2 diabetes, muscle cells become resistant to the action of insulin. Insulin is the main hormone responsible for controlling the level of sugar (glucose) in the blood. It makes cells in the body remove sugar from the blood. When the cells are resistant to insulin this makes blood sugar levels rise too high. Metformin hydrochloride is a type of anti-diabetic medicine called a biguanide. It works in a number of ways to lower blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes. Firstly, it increases the sensitivity of muscle cells to insulin. This enables these cells to remove sugar from the blood more effectively. Secondly, it reduces the amount of sugar produced by cells in the liver. Finally, it delays the absorption of sugar from the intestines into the bloodstream after eating so that there is less of a spike in blood sugar levels after meals."

"The fact remains, almost everyone with real type two diabetes, (type two, type two, type two, how many times do I have to say type two?), has excess adipose tissue. After eating a meal, their blood sugar remains high and overtime it causes damage to nerves which is why they go blind or lose a foot, starting with the toes. That is type two diabetes. It is not really a "disease" is the classic sense. It's a symptom of poor diet and lifestyle combined with excess fat, and it can be turned around in a day. They take Metformin. Metformin helps the body to control blood sugar in several ways. It helps type 2 diabetics respond better to their own insulin, lower the amount of sugar created by the liver, and decreasing the amount of sugar absorbed by the intestines. It does all of that but it doesn't treat the cause of the problem. The diet that gives you type two diabetes is the diet that makes you fat. If you put these people on a low fat, high fiber, natural starch diet, insulin resistance goes away and T2D is gone as long as keep the excess fat off and life a good lifestyle."

I have very little adipose tissue low body fat and yet I am insulin resistant with HbA1c of 5.3, fasting insulin 6.7 and fastin glucose of 80..I get very drowsy after a desert..So the excess adipose tissue theory doesn't make sense?

 

[vCity]

I have very little adipose tissue low body fat and yet I am insulin resistant with HbA1c of 5.3, fasting insulin 6.7 and fastin glucose of 80..I get very drowsy after a desert..So the excess adipose tissue theory doesn't make sense?

Its FREE fatty acids (FFA). Excessive fatty acids in the blood. Not adipose tissue. While they are correlated, it is not an exact overlap. The goal is to limit lipolysis which is why blood sugar regulation is an important aspect of Peating. If you keep blood sugar from getting too low, your body won't need to release fatty acids for energy. This also means minimizing stress of all sorts as these are cortisol/adrenaline based processes (which are the hormones used in lipolysis). Fundamentally, this makes sense; stress is when energy demands are higher than your current supply, so your body dips into your reserves (adipose tissue) to create more.

Furthermore, the type of fatty acids play a role as well. PUFA is much more harmful than SFA.

Peat and Haidut have been over this many times so it should be easy to find more information. Start with the Randle Cycle.