md_a
Member
- Joined
- Aug 31, 2015
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- 468
Respiration in the ordinary sense is breathing, the exchange of gases between the animal and its environment.
Tissue respiration refers to the absorption of oxygen from the blood by cells, or, more exactly, to the exchange of gases between cells and their environment. Plants and other organisms respire in ways that are biochemically very similar to our tissue respiration.
Not all the oxygen we consume is put to good use, and we sometimes produce exhalation of gases other than carbon dioxide and water vapor.
Under stressful conditions, people may exhale measurable amounts of pentane, ethane, isoprene, carbon monoxide, and other substances with potential toxicity.
In hyperventilation, so much carbon dioxide is lost in the breath that our tissue respiration is impaired, creating a partial ‘tissue suffocation.’
If cells consume oxygen without producing carbon dioxide generously, a situation analogous to hyperventilation/tissues suffocation exists.
Oxygen deprivation is one of the signals that stimulates the production of new red blood cells, and this involves the production of porphyrin, heme, and hemoglobin.
The elimination of heme by oxidation produces carbon monoxide, which can block the respiratory production of energy.
Ray Peat `Optimizing respiration`
"Our tissues produce carbon monoxide as a normal part of cell breakdown. All kinds of stress that damage tissues increase its formation.
Carbon monoxide increases with aging, and increases stress hormones.
The enzyme which produces carbon monoxide is induced by carbon monoxide.
Carbon monoxide can inhibit the oxidative production of energy, and can increase the rate of non-oxidative, growth supporting energy production.
Carbon monoxide can either stimulate tissue growth or cause atrophy, and can either inhibit or exacerbate inflammation, depending on the surrounding conditions. Inhibiting its production or accelerating its removal can have therapeutic effects."
…
"The pituitary hormones, ACTH, FSH, LH, TSH, prolactin, growth hormone, POMC and MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone) stimulate the production of carbon monoxide in the cells that they stimulate, by activating the enzyme heme oxygenase. This enzyme degrades the heme molecule, which is released from hemoglobin and other proteins in injured tissues, and which in the free state is toxic (Kumar and Bandyopadhyay, 2005). In degrading heme, this enzyme releases free iron atoms and biliverdin, as well as carbon monoxide. Although free iron atoms can cause harmful oxidation, biliverdin, and the bilirubin that's produced from it, can have beneficial antioxidant effects."
…
"Stresses activate adaptive hormones, especially cortisol, by acting on the hypothalamus to increase CRH, corticotropin release hormone, to activate the pituitary to release ACTH, which activates the adrenals. Carbon monoxide is one of the factors, produced by stress, which activates the secretion of CRH (Navarra, et ai., 2001)"
Ray Peat ‘Hormones, energy, aging, and endogenous carbon monoxide’
"The increased energy deficiency produced by accumulated toxins and fibrosis can stimulate the production of porphyrins for the heme enzymes that control respiration and detoxification, and this can lead to the production of carbon monoxide and other anti-respiratory factors."
Ray Peat `FIBROSIS: Estrogen, stiffness, excitotoxicity, aging—a problem more general than "collagen disease"`
"The exhaled breath is being used to diagnose inflammatory lung disease, since so many of the mediators of inflammation are volatile, but systemic diseases such as cancer and arthritis, and relatively minor stress can be detected by changes in the chemicals found in the breath. Polyunsaturated fats and their breakdown products-- aldehydes, prostaglandins, isoprostanes, hydrocarbons, and free radicals--and carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, nitrite, and hydrogen peroxide are increased in the breath by most stresses."
Ray Peat `Leakiness, aging, and cancer`
"The mitochondria are responsible for the efficient production of energy needed for the functioning of complex organisms, and especially for nerves. The enzyme in the mitochondria that reacts directly with oxygen, and that is often rate limiting, is cytochrome c oxidase.
This enzyme is dependent on the thyroid hormone and is inhibited by nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, estrogen, polyunsaturated fatty acids, serotonin, excess or free iron, ionizing radiation, and many toxins, including bacterial endotoxin.
Estrogen impairs the mitochondria in multiple ways, including blocking the function of cytochrome oxidase, decreasing the activity of ATP synthase, increasing heme oxygenase which produces carbon monoxide and free iron, damaging mitochondrial DNA, and shifting metabolism from glucose oxidation to fat oxidation, especially by inhibiting the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. These changes, including the loss of cytochrome oxidase, are seen in the Alzheimer's brain. The fact that this kind of energy impairment can be produced by estrogen doesn't imply that estrogen is the cause, since many other things can cause similar effects--radiation, aluminum, and endotoxin, for example."
Ray Peat ‘Demystifying dementia: Protective progesterone’
"Respiration is essential for the maintenance of the higher forms of life, and it is a respiratory 'defect, on both the cellular and the organismic levels, which allows cancer to persist and develop.
The heme group, because it serves many respiratory functions--hemoglobin, mitochondrial respiratory enzymes, steroid synthesizing enzymes, formation of thyroid hormone, detoxifying enzymes—is regulated in relatively primitive ways within each cell, and in more complex ways at higher organismic levels.
When the cell needs more respiratory energy, some fuel is diverted into the production of porphyrin, which is then turned into heme, which would normally provide for the efficient production of energy and protective factors. When the efficient energy-producing systems are blocked, by injury, oxygen deficiency, toxins, or by the lack of one or more essential nutritional factors, heme production is activated.
Excess heme is destroyed by the enzyme heme oxygenase, which converts heme into biliverdin and carbon monoxide. Both of these factors have effects on the cell which are characteristic of cancer."
Ray Peat ‘Carbon monoxide, estrogen, and the medical cancer cult’
“Carbon monoxide has the ability to mimic' hypoxia even in the presence of oxygen.” Ray Peat
"In natural stress, decreased availability of oxygen or nutrients is often the key problem, and many poisons can produce similar interference with energy production, for example cyanide or carbon monoxide, which block the use of oxygen, or ethanol, which inhibits the oxidation of sugars, fats, and amino acids (Shelmet, et aI., 1988).
When oxygen isn't constantly removing electrons from cells (being chemically reduced by them) those electrons will react elsewhere, creating free radicals (including activated oxygen) and reduced iron, that will create inappropriate chemical reactions (Niknahad, et aI., 1995; MacAllister, et aI., 2011)."
Ray Peat ‘Sugar Issues’
"Combined with unsaturated fatty acids, iron stimulates peroxidation with toxic effects, including the formation of carbon monoxide. inhibiting respiration."
Ray Peat ‘Immunity, Hormones and Yeast Infections’
Tissue respiration refers to the absorption of oxygen from the blood by cells, or, more exactly, to the exchange of gases between cells and their environment. Plants and other organisms respire in ways that are biochemically very similar to our tissue respiration.
Not all the oxygen we consume is put to good use, and we sometimes produce exhalation of gases other than carbon dioxide and water vapor.
Under stressful conditions, people may exhale measurable amounts of pentane, ethane, isoprene, carbon monoxide, and other substances with potential toxicity.
In hyperventilation, so much carbon dioxide is lost in the breath that our tissue respiration is impaired, creating a partial ‘tissue suffocation.’
If cells consume oxygen without producing carbon dioxide generously, a situation analogous to hyperventilation/tissues suffocation exists.
Oxygen deprivation is one of the signals that stimulates the production of new red blood cells, and this involves the production of porphyrin, heme, and hemoglobin.
The elimination of heme by oxidation produces carbon monoxide, which can block the respiratory production of energy.
Ray Peat `Optimizing respiration`
"Our tissues produce carbon monoxide as a normal part of cell breakdown. All kinds of stress that damage tissues increase its formation.
Carbon monoxide increases with aging, and increases stress hormones.
The enzyme which produces carbon monoxide is induced by carbon monoxide.
Carbon monoxide can inhibit the oxidative production of energy, and can increase the rate of non-oxidative, growth supporting energy production.
Carbon monoxide can either stimulate tissue growth or cause atrophy, and can either inhibit or exacerbate inflammation, depending on the surrounding conditions. Inhibiting its production or accelerating its removal can have therapeutic effects."
…
"The pituitary hormones, ACTH, FSH, LH, TSH, prolactin, growth hormone, POMC and MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone) stimulate the production of carbon monoxide in the cells that they stimulate, by activating the enzyme heme oxygenase. This enzyme degrades the heme molecule, which is released from hemoglobin and other proteins in injured tissues, and which in the free state is toxic (Kumar and Bandyopadhyay, 2005). In degrading heme, this enzyme releases free iron atoms and biliverdin, as well as carbon monoxide. Although free iron atoms can cause harmful oxidation, biliverdin, and the bilirubin that's produced from it, can have beneficial antioxidant effects."
…
"Stresses activate adaptive hormones, especially cortisol, by acting on the hypothalamus to increase CRH, corticotropin release hormone, to activate the pituitary to release ACTH, which activates the adrenals. Carbon monoxide is one of the factors, produced by stress, which activates the secretion of CRH (Navarra, et ai., 2001)"
Ray Peat ‘Hormones, energy, aging, and endogenous carbon monoxide’
"The increased energy deficiency produced by accumulated toxins and fibrosis can stimulate the production of porphyrins for the heme enzymes that control respiration and detoxification, and this can lead to the production of carbon monoxide and other anti-respiratory factors."
Ray Peat `FIBROSIS: Estrogen, stiffness, excitotoxicity, aging—a problem more general than "collagen disease"`
"The exhaled breath is being used to diagnose inflammatory lung disease, since so many of the mediators of inflammation are volatile, but systemic diseases such as cancer and arthritis, and relatively minor stress can be detected by changes in the chemicals found in the breath. Polyunsaturated fats and their breakdown products-- aldehydes, prostaglandins, isoprostanes, hydrocarbons, and free radicals--and carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, nitrite, and hydrogen peroxide are increased in the breath by most stresses."
Ray Peat `Leakiness, aging, and cancer`
"The mitochondria are responsible for the efficient production of energy needed for the functioning of complex organisms, and especially for nerves. The enzyme in the mitochondria that reacts directly with oxygen, and that is often rate limiting, is cytochrome c oxidase.
This enzyme is dependent on the thyroid hormone and is inhibited by nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, estrogen, polyunsaturated fatty acids, serotonin, excess or free iron, ionizing radiation, and many toxins, including bacterial endotoxin.
Estrogen impairs the mitochondria in multiple ways, including blocking the function of cytochrome oxidase, decreasing the activity of ATP synthase, increasing heme oxygenase which produces carbon monoxide and free iron, damaging mitochondrial DNA, and shifting metabolism from glucose oxidation to fat oxidation, especially by inhibiting the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. These changes, including the loss of cytochrome oxidase, are seen in the Alzheimer's brain. The fact that this kind of energy impairment can be produced by estrogen doesn't imply that estrogen is the cause, since many other things can cause similar effects--radiation, aluminum, and endotoxin, for example."
Ray Peat ‘Demystifying dementia: Protective progesterone’
"Respiration is essential for the maintenance of the higher forms of life, and it is a respiratory 'defect, on both the cellular and the organismic levels, which allows cancer to persist and develop.
The heme group, because it serves many respiratory functions--hemoglobin, mitochondrial respiratory enzymes, steroid synthesizing enzymes, formation of thyroid hormone, detoxifying enzymes—is regulated in relatively primitive ways within each cell, and in more complex ways at higher organismic levels.
When the cell needs more respiratory energy, some fuel is diverted into the production of porphyrin, which is then turned into heme, which would normally provide for the efficient production of energy and protective factors. When the efficient energy-producing systems are blocked, by injury, oxygen deficiency, toxins, or by the lack of one or more essential nutritional factors, heme production is activated.
Excess heme is destroyed by the enzyme heme oxygenase, which converts heme into biliverdin and carbon monoxide. Both of these factors have effects on the cell which are characteristic of cancer."
Ray Peat ‘Carbon monoxide, estrogen, and the medical cancer cult’
“Carbon monoxide has the ability to mimic' hypoxia even in the presence of oxygen.” Ray Peat
"In natural stress, decreased availability of oxygen or nutrients is often the key problem, and many poisons can produce similar interference with energy production, for example cyanide or carbon monoxide, which block the use of oxygen, or ethanol, which inhibits the oxidation of sugars, fats, and amino acids (Shelmet, et aI., 1988).
When oxygen isn't constantly removing electrons from cells (being chemically reduced by them) those electrons will react elsewhere, creating free radicals (including activated oxygen) and reduced iron, that will create inappropriate chemical reactions (Niknahad, et aI., 1995; MacAllister, et aI., 2011)."
Ray Peat ‘Sugar Issues’
"Combined with unsaturated fatty acids, iron stimulates peroxidation with toxic effects, including the formation of carbon monoxide. inhibiting respiration."
Ray Peat ‘Immunity, Hormones and Yeast Infections’
