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Vagal Nerve Regulation Is Essential for the Increase in Gastric Motility in Response to Mild Exercise
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/tj ... 2_155/_pdf
“It has been shown in human research that mild to moderate exercise may accelerate gastric emptying, whereas severe, exhaustive exercise beyond a critical level (about 70-80% VO2 max.) delays emptying of liquids and solids (Cammack et al. 1982; Read and Houghton 1989; Moses 1990; Matsui 2000). However, the mechanism by which physical activity affects gastric motility remains elusive.”
“Ghrelin stimulates short-term food intake, promotes gastric emptying, and regulates body weight. In patients with anorexia or post-bariatric surgery, profound changes in plasma ghrelin levels were found, suggesting that it is an important hormone in the regulation of body weight (Gaddipati et al. 2006; Jürimäe et al. 2007).”
“In the pilot study, we found that even after 24-h fasting, a large amount of food remained in the stomachs of vagotomized rats.”
“Rats exhibited two different gastric motility patterns in both fasting and fed states. Cyclic occurrence of intense contractions was observed in the fasting state, whereas regular phasic contractions were observed in the fed state.”
“In the sham-operated* group, gastric antral** motility enhanced after treadmill exercise regardless of feeding state. Such enhancement normally lasted about 30 min to 1 h after the treadmill was completely stopped (Fig. 2A). No obvious change was observed in pyloric motility (Fig. 2B).”
*Sham-operation is a procedure to eliminate the confounding factors involved due to the surgery of the other group evaluated. Like a placebo procedure but without any intervention.
**Last portion of the stomach. Located before the sphincter that divides the stomach/duodenum.
“After 3 weeks of mild treadmill exercise, severe gastric retention was observed in the vagotomized exercise group (Fig. 5C, Fig. 6). The dry weight of gastric content after 24-h fasting was 0.65 ± 0.1 g in the vagotomized exercise group, which was significantly higher than that of the vagotomized sedentary (0.29 ± 0.1 g), sham-operated exercise (0.15 ± 0.1 g), and sham-operated sedentary groups (0.04 ± 0.1 g) (p< 0.05 for each comparison, Fig. 5C).”
"The present study revealed that mild exercise can significantly enhance antral motility in sham-operated rats, which may explain accelerated gastric emptying and increased daily food intake observed among these rats. In the vagotomized exercise group, enhancement of gastric antral motility by mild treadmill exercise was absent, suggesting that mild treadmill exercise accelerates gastric motility through the vagal nerve. Formerly, increases in gastric emptying during mild intensity treadmill exercise was assumed to be related to increases in intragastric pressure brought about by contractile activity of the abdominal muscles (Neufer et al. 1989).”
"Pumping action of the antrum is weakened after vagal denervation (Cowley et al. 1971; Medina 1982), and animals subjected to a total vagotomy show gastric distension and retention (Kraly et al. 1986). In the present study, a greater amount of gastric content and greater gastric distension were observed in the vagotomized exercise group than in the vagotomized sedentary group after 24-h fasting. The reason may be that when the counteracting action of the vagal nerve is abolished, exercise-mediated neurological responses such as an increase in sympathetic tone might further decrease the blood flow of the stomach during exercise (Brouns and Beckers 1993), resulting in loosening of the stomach wall and gastric distension.”
"Exercise leads to higher metabolic rate, increased energy expenditure, and increased appetite. However, under vagotomized conditions, food digestion might be compromised by gastric distension and severe gastric retention. Thus, decreased nutrition intake and higher energy expenditure in rats in the vatogomized exercise group might explain their reduced weight gain.”
To consider: the study used treadmills to test, and the autors acknowledge the possible problems with it.
Be kind, I haven't conducted the study and I'm sensitive..
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/tj ... 2_155/_pdf
“It has been shown in human research that mild to moderate exercise may accelerate gastric emptying, whereas severe, exhaustive exercise beyond a critical level (about 70-80% VO2 max.) delays emptying of liquids and solids (Cammack et al. 1982; Read and Houghton 1989; Moses 1990; Matsui 2000). However, the mechanism by which physical activity affects gastric motility remains elusive.”
“Ghrelin stimulates short-term food intake, promotes gastric emptying, and regulates body weight. In patients with anorexia or post-bariatric surgery, profound changes in plasma ghrelin levels were found, suggesting that it is an important hormone in the regulation of body weight (Gaddipati et al. 2006; Jürimäe et al. 2007).”
“In the pilot study, we found that even after 24-h fasting, a large amount of food remained in the stomachs of vagotomized rats.”
“Rats exhibited two different gastric motility patterns in both fasting and fed states. Cyclic occurrence of intense contractions was observed in the fasting state, whereas regular phasic contractions were observed in the fed state.”
“In the sham-operated* group, gastric antral** motility enhanced after treadmill exercise regardless of feeding state. Such enhancement normally lasted about 30 min to 1 h after the treadmill was completely stopped (Fig. 2A). No obvious change was observed in pyloric motility (Fig. 2B).”
*Sham-operation is a procedure to eliminate the confounding factors involved due to the surgery of the other group evaluated. Like a placebo procedure but without any intervention.
**Last portion of the stomach. Located before the sphincter that divides the stomach/duodenum.
“After 3 weeks of mild treadmill exercise, severe gastric retention was observed in the vagotomized exercise group (Fig. 5C, Fig. 6). The dry weight of gastric content after 24-h fasting was 0.65 ± 0.1 g in the vagotomized exercise group, which was significantly higher than that of the vagotomized sedentary (0.29 ± 0.1 g), sham-operated exercise (0.15 ± 0.1 g), and sham-operated sedentary groups (0.04 ± 0.1 g) (p< 0.05 for each comparison, Fig. 5C).”
"The present study revealed that mild exercise can significantly enhance antral motility in sham-operated rats, which may explain accelerated gastric emptying and increased daily food intake observed among these rats. In the vagotomized exercise group, enhancement of gastric antral motility by mild treadmill exercise was absent, suggesting that mild treadmill exercise accelerates gastric motility through the vagal nerve. Formerly, increases in gastric emptying during mild intensity treadmill exercise was assumed to be related to increases in intragastric pressure brought about by contractile activity of the abdominal muscles (Neufer et al. 1989).”
"Pumping action of the antrum is weakened after vagal denervation (Cowley et al. 1971; Medina 1982), and animals subjected to a total vagotomy show gastric distension and retention (Kraly et al. 1986). In the present study, a greater amount of gastric content and greater gastric distension were observed in the vagotomized exercise group than in the vagotomized sedentary group after 24-h fasting. The reason may be that when the counteracting action of the vagal nerve is abolished, exercise-mediated neurological responses such as an increase in sympathetic tone might further decrease the blood flow of the stomach during exercise (Brouns and Beckers 1993), resulting in loosening of the stomach wall and gastric distension.”
"Exercise leads to higher metabolic rate, increased energy expenditure, and increased appetite. However, under vagotomized conditions, food digestion might be compromised by gastric distension and severe gastric retention. Thus, decreased nutrition intake and higher energy expenditure in rats in the vatogomized exercise group might explain their reduced weight gain.”
To consider: the study used treadmills to test, and the autors acknowledge the possible problems with it.
Be kind, I haven't conducted the study and I'm sensitive..
