Replacement of dietary fat by sucrose or starch: effects on 14 d ad libitum energy intake, energy expenditure and body weight in formerly obese and... - PubMed - NCBI
Liquid versus solid carbohydrate: effects on food intake and body weight. - PubMed - NCBI
Effects of sucrose vs starch diets on in vivo insulin action, thermogenesis, and obesity in rats. - PubMed - NCBI
Average 14 d ad libitum energy intake was 13% and 12% lower on the starch diet compared with the sucrose and fat diets, respectively (P < 0.05). In both post-obese and normal-weight subjects, body weight and fat mass decreased significantly on the starch diet (by 0.7 +/- 0.2 kg and 0.4 +/- 0.1 kg, respectively, P < 0.05). No changes were observed on the fat or sucrose diets. After 14 d on the sucrose diet, 24 h energy expenditure as well as postprandial plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations, were significantly increased compared with the other two diets. Overall satisfy and palatability ratings were also highest on the sucrose diet.
CONCLUSION:
Intake of a 14-d ad libitum high-starch diet decreased energy intake and body weight compared with a high-fat or high-sucrose diet. The increased energy expenditure observed on the sucrose-rich diet can probably be explained both by the increased intake of energy and fructose (mainly from sucrose) on this diet.
Liquid versus solid carbohydrate: effects on food intake and body weight. - PubMed - NCBI
Isocaloric exchange of dietary starch and sucrose in humans. II. Effect on fasting blood insulin, glucose, and glucagon and on insulin and glucose ... - PubMed - NCBIDESIGN AND METHODS:
Thirty two overweight/obese adults consumed glucose- or fructose-sweetened beverages (25% energy requirement) with their ad libitum diets for 8 weeks, followed by sweetened beverage consumption for 2 weeks with a standardized, energy-balanced diet. Plasma variables were measured at baseline, 2, 8, and 10 weeks, and body adiposity and insulin sensitivity at baseline and 10 weeks.
Fasting and postprandial ASP concentrations increased at 2 and/or 8 weeks. ASP increases correlated with changes in late-evening triglyceride concentrations. At 10 weeks, fasting adiponectin levels decreased in both groups, and decreases were inversely associated with baseline intra-abdominal fat volume. Sugar consumption increased fasting leptin concentrations; increases were associated with body weight changes. The 24-h leptin profiles increased during glucose consumption and decreased during fructose consumption. These changes correlated with changes of 24-h insulin levels.
This is interesting (but they're eating high fat), as there's a study on rats showing something similar:Ten men and nine women ages 35 to 55 consumed two diets for 6 weeks each in a cross-over design. The diets were composed of identical natural foods and 30% of the calories as either sucrose or wheat starch. Carbohydrate, fat, and protein supplied 43, 42, and 15% of the calories, respectively. Of the calories 10% was eaten at breakfast (7:00 to 8:30 AM) and 90% at dinner (4:30 to 6:30 PM). Inital body weights were essentially maintained. Fasting serum insulin and glucose levels were significantly higher with the sucrose than with the starch diet. The insulin response and the insulin:glucose ratios after a sucrose load (2 g/kg body weight) were greater after the subjects consumed the sucrose diet. Sucrose feeding produced increases in fasting serum insulin, the insulin:glucose ratio and the insulin response to a sucrose load that were of greater magnitude in a subgroup of nine subjects classified as potentially carbohydrate-sensitive than in normal subjects. Glucose response to a sucrose load and fasting serum glucagon did not differ significantly with diet. Fasting insulin and glucose showed significant increases as a function of time on diet. These results indicate that sucrose feeding produces undersirable changes in several of the parameters associated with glucose tolerance.
Effects of sucrose vs starch diets on in vivo insulin action, thermogenesis, and obesity in rats. - PubMed - NCBI
Differential effects of fructose versus glucose on brain and appetitive responses to food cues and decisions for food rewards. - PubMed - NCBIHigh intake of simple sugars is generally seen as a detrimental factor in the etiology of both obesity and insulin resistance. To examine possible deleterious effects of sucrose, independent of changes in energy intake, rats were fed equal amounts of high-sucrose or high-starch diets over 4 wk. Energy expenditure was assessed by open-circuit respirometry and carcass analysis. In vivo insulin action in individual tissues was assessed with the hyperinsulinemic (1 nmol/L), euglycemic clamp combined with tracer glucose and 2-deoxyglucose administration. Whole-body glucose disposal was impaired by sucrose feeding (clamp glucose infusion rate of 77 +/- 4 vs 124 +/- 6 mumol/[kg.min], p less than 0.001, for sucrose and starch, respectively) because of a major impairment of insulin action at the liver with a smaller contribution from peripheral tissues. Sucrose feeding affected neither basal or stimulated energy expenditure nor accumulation of body fat. In conclusion, sucrose feeding produces a major impairment of insulin action, predominantly because of an effect at the liver.
Ingestion of fructose relative to glucose resulted in smaller increases in plasma insulin levels and greater brain reactivity to food cues in the visual cortex (in whole-brain analysis) and left orbital frontal cortex (in region-of-interest analysis). Parallel to the neuroimaging findings, fructose versus glucose led to greater hunger and desire for food and a greater willingness to give up long-term monetary rewards to obtain immediate high-calorie foods. These findings suggest that ingestion of fructose relative to glucose results in greater activation of brain regions involved in attention and reward processing and may promote feeding behavior.