https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332218347668
- Repeated treatment with naringin produced increased locomotor activity,
- Demonstrated antidepressant-like effects evidenced by decreased immobility time in forced swim test and increased % social preference in the social interaction test relative to controls.
- Also, naringin induced anxiolytic-like effect and increased cognitive performance in mice.
- Mechanistically, naringin significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and glutathione concentration relative to vehicle-controls.
- Naringin significantly decreased malondialdehyde and nitrite contents, and reduced brain acetylcholinesterase activity in mice brains in a significant manner relative to controls.
Taken together, these findings suggest that treatment with naringin might be useful to produce functional behavioral effects via mechanisms related to enhancement of cholinergic transmission, antioxidant defense systems, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and nitrosative processes.
doses used were less than 100mg human equivalent
5mg/kg i.p in the mice was the most effective dose for anxiety measures (& basically matched diazepam) . maybe 30mg human dose.
10mg / kg became a lot less effective. but still better than controls. (but another study shows another dose past 10mg causes a bounce back for efficacy)
10mg/kg mice dose was best for lowering oxidative stress.
Notably, no anxiolytic effect was observed following repeated treatment with the highest dose of naringin (10 mg/kg) in this study. However, in line with existing reports [23,50] which showed that naringin exhibits anxiolytic activity at lower doses, our finding also showed that repeated treatment with naringin (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) demonstrated reduced anxiety-like behavior. This is evidenced by decreased index of open arm avoidance, which suggests anxiolytic property [23,50].
It is worthy of note that naringin at the small doses (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) that produced anxiolytic effect was not associated with locomotor impairment unlike diazepam (2 mg/kg). In fact, this may be one major source of benefit of naringin over the reference anxiolytic drug, diazepam used in this study.
https://www.academia.edu/4450190/Th..._and_Naringin_Exert_Anxiolytic_Action_in_Mice
^ this study also shows anxiety lowering effect, better low at 3mg/kg mice dose than at 10mg/kg. but the difference is in this one they included an extra dose at 30mg/kg. which showed the effect is regained higher. so you go low or high.
also protects against iron overload in the brain by acting as a chelator (but not so good for people low in iron) Naringin Chelates Excessive Iron and Prevents the Formation of Amyloid-Beta Plaques in the Hippocampus of Iron-Overloaded Mice
& protects against aluminium toxicity at 80mg/kg in rats (protects mitochondria, and reduces aluminium levels) https://www.researchgate.net/public...gainst_aluminum-induced_neurotoxicity_in_rats
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705310/
This study has evaluated the effect of naringin on diet-induced obesity and cardiovascular dysfunction in high carbohydrate, high fat-fed rats. These rats developed increased body weight, glucose intolerance, increased plasma lipid concentrations, hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis, liver inflammation and steatosis with compromised mitochondrial respiratory chain activity. Dietary supplementation with naringin (approximately 100 mg/kg/day) improved glucose intolerance and liver mitochondrial dysfunction, lowered plasma lipid concentrations and improved the structure and function of the heart and liver without decreasing total body weight
we found that naringin prevented the increase in hepatic marker enzyme activities (AST, ALT, and ALP) and reduced the accumulation of lipid deposition and fibrosis in the liver of high-carbohydrate, high-fat-diet fed obese rats.
Naringin supplementation also improved the mitochondrial respiration in these rats, suggesting an improvement in mitochondrial compartment dysfunction and rapid energy expenditure by liver tissues
Naringin (2mg/kg) shielded mouse bone marrow, intestines, and the liver against radiation-induced damage by reducing the lipid peroxidation and elevating the antioxidant status [82,83]. Similarly, naringin at a dose of 100mg/kg protected the mice from the lethal effects of whole-body irradiation
- Repeated treatment with naringin produced increased locomotor activity,
- Demonstrated antidepressant-like effects evidenced by decreased immobility time in forced swim test and increased % social preference in the social interaction test relative to controls.
- Also, naringin induced anxiolytic-like effect and increased cognitive performance in mice.
- Mechanistically, naringin significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and glutathione concentration relative to vehicle-controls.
- Naringin significantly decreased malondialdehyde and nitrite contents, and reduced brain acetylcholinesterase activity in mice brains in a significant manner relative to controls.
Taken together, these findings suggest that treatment with naringin might be useful to produce functional behavioral effects via mechanisms related to enhancement of cholinergic transmission, antioxidant defense systems, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and nitrosative processes.
doses used were less than 100mg human equivalent
5mg/kg i.p in the mice was the most effective dose for anxiety measures (& basically matched diazepam) . maybe 30mg human dose.
10mg / kg became a lot less effective. but still better than controls. (but another study shows another dose past 10mg causes a bounce back for efficacy)
10mg/kg mice dose was best for lowering oxidative stress.
Notably, no anxiolytic effect was observed following repeated treatment with the highest dose of naringin (10 mg/kg) in this study. However, in line with existing reports [23,50] which showed that naringin exhibits anxiolytic activity at lower doses, our finding also showed that repeated treatment with naringin (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) demonstrated reduced anxiety-like behavior. This is evidenced by decreased index of open arm avoidance, which suggests anxiolytic property [23,50].
It is worthy of note that naringin at the small doses (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) that produced anxiolytic effect was not associated with locomotor impairment unlike diazepam (2 mg/kg). In fact, this may be one major source of benefit of naringin over the reference anxiolytic drug, diazepam used in this study.
https://www.academia.edu/4450190/Th..._and_Naringin_Exert_Anxiolytic_Action_in_Mice
^ this study also shows anxiety lowering effect, better low at 3mg/kg mice dose than at 10mg/kg. but the difference is in this one they included an extra dose at 30mg/kg. which showed the effect is regained higher. so you go low or high.
also protects against iron overload in the brain by acting as a chelator (but not so good for people low in iron) Naringin Chelates Excessive Iron and Prevents the Formation of Amyloid-Beta Plaques in the Hippocampus of Iron-Overloaded Mice
& protects against aluminium toxicity at 80mg/kg in rats (protects mitochondria, and reduces aluminium levels) https://www.researchgate.net/public...gainst_aluminum-induced_neurotoxicity_in_rats
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705310/
This study has evaluated the effect of naringin on diet-induced obesity and cardiovascular dysfunction in high carbohydrate, high fat-fed rats. These rats developed increased body weight, glucose intolerance, increased plasma lipid concentrations, hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis, liver inflammation and steatosis with compromised mitochondrial respiratory chain activity. Dietary supplementation with naringin (approximately 100 mg/kg/day) improved glucose intolerance and liver mitochondrial dysfunction, lowered plasma lipid concentrations and improved the structure and function of the heart and liver without decreasing total body weight
we found that naringin prevented the increase in hepatic marker enzyme activities (AST, ALT, and ALP) and reduced the accumulation of lipid deposition and fibrosis in the liver of high-carbohydrate, high-fat-diet fed obese rats.
Naringin supplementation also improved the mitochondrial respiration in these rats, suggesting an improvement in mitochondrial compartment dysfunction and rapid energy expenditure by liver tissues
Naringin (2mg/kg) shielded mouse bone marrow, intestines, and the liver against radiation-induced damage by reducing the lipid peroxidation and elevating the antioxidant status [82,83]. Similarly, naringin at a dose of 100mg/kg protected the mice from the lethal effects of whole-body irradiation
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