When I was a kid I came across an ad in a magazine for a device guaranteed to kill mosquitos. Intrigued, I sent in two dollars and received two pieces of wood, with the instructions "Place mosquito on block of wood, mash with the other block". I'm sure it would kill viruses too.
A similar sales pitch is going on with hydroxychloroquin. As we found with methylene blue and Alzheimer's disease, as noted by Haidut Low-dose methylene blue (MB) may stop Alzheimer Disease (AD) – To Extract Knowledge from Matter, "low dose" MB is as effective at 8 mg as at 250mg, and without understanding this the studies comparing 250 to 8 mg were showing no effect.
What happened with hydroxychloroquin in this study? They compared "high-dose" to "low dose" hydroxychloroquin. The "low dose" has been used safely for many years with very manageable side effects used for malaria. The "high dose" was shown to kill mosquitos I mean viruses in vitro and kills people too., thus giving a big boost for Remdesivir and dthe like. The conclusion trumpeted in the news was that hydroxychloroquin is lethal and ineffective.
The activity of the quinones would be expected to be due to electron transport, and they are effective at very low doses, certainly true for MB and likely hydroxychloroquin.and for treatment of malaria. Here's an interesting study on MB and Covid-19:
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COVID-19 EMERGENCY OPEN STREAM CONTRIBUTION
A cohort of cancer patients with no reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection: the possible preventive role of Methylene Blue
PDF
DOI: A cohort of cancer patients with no reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection: the possible preventive role of Methylene Blue | Substantia
Published March 30, 2020
Keywords
Henry, M., Summa, M., Patrick, L., & Schwartz, L. (2020). A cohort of cancer patients with no reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection: the possible preventive role of Methylene Blue. Substantia, 4(1), 888. A cohort of cancer patients with no reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection: the possible preventive role of Methylene Blue | Substantia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Abstract
We report the case of a cohort of 2500 French patients treated among others with methylene blue for cancer care. During the COVID-19 epidemics none of them developed influenza-like illness. Albeit this lack of infection might be by chance alone, it is possible that methylene blue might have a preventive effect for COVID-19 infection. This is in line with the antiviral activity of Chloroquine, a Methylene blue derivative. Both Chloroquine and Methylene blue have strong antiviral and anti- inflammatory properties probably linked to the change in intracellular pH and redox state.
-----
A controlled trial is the "Gold Standard". The way that works is that Pharma has the gold and controls what questions are asked. In no way would a serious scientist think the high dose-low dose comparison had clinical value unless someone was thinking about purchasing a block of wood rather than Remdesivir.
The JAMA study is copied below:
Original Investigation
Infectious Diseases
April 24, 2020
Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) InfectionA Randomized Clinical Trial
Mayla Gabriela Silva Borba, MD1,2; Fernando Fonseca Almeida Val, PhD1,2; Vanderson Souza Sampaio, PhD1,2,3; Marcia Almeida Araújo Alexandre, MD1; Gisely Cardoso Melo, PhD1,2; Marcelo Brito, MSc1,2; Maria Paula Gomes Mourão, MD1,2; José Diego Brito-Sousa, MSc1,2; Djane Baía-da-Silva, PhD1,2; Marcus Vinitius Farias Guerra, MD1; Ludhmila Abrahão Hajjar, MD4; Rosemary Costa Pinto, BSc3; Antonio Alcirley Silva Balieiro, MSc5; Antônio Guilherme Fonseca Pacheco, MD6; James Dean Oliveira Santos Jr, PhD7; Felipe Gomes Naveca, PhD5; Mariana Simão Xavier, MSc8; André Machado Siqueira, MD8; Alexandre Schwarzbold, MD9; Júlio Croda, MD10,11; Maurício Lacerda Nogueira, MD12; Gustavo Adolfo Sierra Romero, MD13; Quique Bassat, MD14,15,16,17,18; Cor Jesus Fontes, MD19; Bernardino Cláudio Albuquerque, MD20; Cláudio-Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro, MD21; Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro, PhD1,2; Marcus Vinícius Guimarães Lacerda, MD1,2,5; for the CloroCovid-19 Team
Article Information
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(4):e208857. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8857
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Editorial
Comment
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Video (14:40)
High vs Low Dose Chloroquine Diphosphate For COVID-19
Español 中文 (Chinese)
Question How safe and effective are 2 different regimens of chloroquine diphosphate in the treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)?
Findings In this phase IIb randomized clinical trial of 81 patients with COVID-19, an unplanned interim analysis recommended by an independent data safety and monitoring board found that a higher dosage of chloroquine diphosphate for 10 days was associated with more toxic effects and lethality, particularly affecting QTc interval prolongation. The limited sample size did not allow the study to show any benefit overall regarding treatment efficacy.
Meaning The preliminary findings from the CloroCovid-19 trial suggest that higher dosage of chloroquine should not be recommended for the treatment of severe COVID-19, especially among patients also receiving azithromycin and oseltamivir, because of safety concerns regarding QTc interval prolongation and increased lethality.
A similar sales pitch is going on with hydroxychloroquin. As we found with methylene blue and Alzheimer's disease, as noted by Haidut Low-dose methylene blue (MB) may stop Alzheimer Disease (AD) – To Extract Knowledge from Matter, "low dose" MB is as effective at 8 mg as at 250mg, and without understanding this the studies comparing 250 to 8 mg were showing no effect.
What happened with hydroxychloroquin in this study? They compared "high-dose" to "low dose" hydroxychloroquin. The "low dose" has been used safely for many years with very manageable side effects used for malaria. The "high dose" was shown to kill mosquitos I mean viruses in vitro and kills people too., thus giving a big boost for Remdesivir and dthe like. The conclusion trumpeted in the news was that hydroxychloroquin is lethal and ineffective.
The activity of the quinones would be expected to be due to electron transport, and they are effective at very low doses, certainly true for MB and likely hydroxychloroquin.and for treatment of malaria. Here's an interesting study on MB and Covid-19:
\
COVID-19 EMERGENCY OPEN STREAM CONTRIBUTION
A cohort of cancer patients with no reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection: the possible preventive role of Methylene Blue
- Marc Henry,
- Mireille Summa,
- Louis Patrick,
- Laurent Schwartz
DOI: A cohort of cancer patients with no reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection: the possible preventive role of Methylene Blue | Substantia
Published March 30, 2020
Keywords
- COVID-19,
- cancer,
- methylene blue,
- metabolic treatment
Henry, M., Summa, M., Patrick, L., & Schwartz, L. (2020). A cohort of cancer patients with no reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection: the possible preventive role of Methylene Blue. Substantia, 4(1), 888. A cohort of cancer patients with no reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection: the possible preventive role of Methylene Blue | Substantia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Abstract
We report the case of a cohort of 2500 French patients treated among others with methylene blue for cancer care. During the COVID-19 epidemics none of them developed influenza-like illness. Albeit this lack of infection might be by chance alone, it is possible that methylene blue might have a preventive effect for COVID-19 infection. This is in line with the antiviral activity of Chloroquine, a Methylene blue derivative. Both Chloroquine and Methylene blue have strong antiviral and anti- inflammatory properties probably linked to the change in intracellular pH and redox state.
-----
A controlled trial is the "Gold Standard". The way that works is that Pharma has the gold and controls what questions are asked. In no way would a serious scientist think the high dose-low dose comparison had clinical value unless someone was thinking about purchasing a block of wood rather than Remdesivir.
The JAMA study is copied below:
Original Investigation
Infectious Diseases
April 24, 2020
Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) InfectionA Randomized Clinical Trial
Mayla Gabriela Silva Borba, MD1,2; Fernando Fonseca Almeida Val, PhD1,2; Vanderson Souza Sampaio, PhD1,2,3; Marcia Almeida Araújo Alexandre, MD1; Gisely Cardoso Melo, PhD1,2; Marcelo Brito, MSc1,2; Maria Paula Gomes Mourão, MD1,2; José Diego Brito-Sousa, MSc1,2; Djane Baía-da-Silva, PhD1,2; Marcus Vinitius Farias Guerra, MD1; Ludhmila Abrahão Hajjar, MD4; Rosemary Costa Pinto, BSc3; Antonio Alcirley Silva Balieiro, MSc5; Antônio Guilherme Fonseca Pacheco, MD6; James Dean Oliveira Santos Jr, PhD7; Felipe Gomes Naveca, PhD5; Mariana Simão Xavier, MSc8; André Machado Siqueira, MD8; Alexandre Schwarzbold, MD9; Júlio Croda, MD10,11; Maurício Lacerda Nogueira, MD12; Gustavo Adolfo Sierra Romero, MD13; Quique Bassat, MD14,15,16,17,18; Cor Jesus Fontes, MD19; Bernardino Cláudio Albuquerque, MD20; Cláudio-Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro, MD21; Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro, PhD1,2; Marcus Vinícius Guimarães Lacerda, MD1,2,5; for the CloroCovid-19 Team
Article Information
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(4):e208857. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8857
editorial comment icon
Editorial
Comment
multimedia icon
Multimedia
Video (14:40)
High vs Low Dose Chloroquine Diphosphate For COVID-19
Español 中文 (Chinese)
Question How safe and effective are 2 different regimens of chloroquine diphosphate in the treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)?
Findings In this phase IIb randomized clinical trial of 81 patients with COVID-19, an unplanned interim analysis recommended by an independent data safety and monitoring board found that a higher dosage of chloroquine diphosphate for 10 days was associated with more toxic effects and lethality, particularly affecting QTc interval prolongation. The limited sample size did not allow the study to show any benefit overall regarding treatment efficacy.
Meaning The preliminary findings from the CloroCovid-19 trial suggest that higher dosage of chloroquine should not be recommended for the treatment of severe COVID-19, especially among patients also receiving azithromycin and oseltamivir, because of safety concerns regarding QTc interval prolongation and increased lethality.