As you can know agmatine is very interesting peaty chemical, but steel I want to show you some interesting and maybe less known articles
Anti-endotoxin
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
"...agmatine treatment inhibited LPS-induced production of nitrates dose dependently. As an endogenous molecule, agmatine has the capacity to inhibit stress- and LPS-induced increases in body temperature..."
Anticholinergic
"Agmatine (10 mM) substantially blocks both DMPP-induced depolarizations of rat superior cervical ganglion and synaptic transmission through the ganglion. Others have established that [3H]-agmatine will pass through nicotinic receptor channels in the rat ganglion. These data suggest that agmatine acts both as a cation and as a weak channel blocker at neuronal nicotinic receptors..."
Serotonin antagonist
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
"The effect of agmatine (40 mg x kg(-1), ig) was antagonized by co-administration of beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist/5-HT1A/1B receptor antagonist pindolol (20 mg x kg(-1), ip), alpha2-adrenergic receptor antagonists yohimbine (5-10 mg x kg(-1), ip) or idazoxan (4 mg x kg(-1), ip), but not beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol (5-20 mg x kg(-1), ip) and 5-HT3 receptor antagonist tropisetron (5-40 mg x kg(-1), ip)..."
There I mean that agmatine is serotonin presynaptic agonist that just means antiserotonine action
Lower Nitric Oxide
"Results showed that pretreatment with a subeffective dose of agmatine (0.01 mg/kg) augmented the antidepressant-like effect of lithium subeffective dose (3 mg/kg) (P < 0.001). L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME, nonspecific nitric oxide synthase [NOS] inhibitor) at doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg, and 7-nitroindazole (7-NI, neuronal NOS inhibitor) at doses of 15 and 30 mg/kg potentiated the antidepressant-like effect of the subeffective combination of lithium (3 mg/kg) and agmatine (0.001 mg/kg) (P < 0.001, P < 0.01, respectively). However, various doses of aminoguanidine (25 and 50 mg/kg, inducible NOS inhibitor) failed to alter the immobility time of the same combination (P > 0.05). Moreover, pretreatment with subeffective doses of L-arginine (substrate for NOS, 300 and 750 mg/kg) reversed the augmenting antidepressant-like effect of agmatine (0.01 mg/kg) on lithium (3 mg/kg) (P < 0.001). Moreover our results revealed that ... NOS plays a dramatic role in this response..."
Orexigenic affect
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
"...administration of agmatine (40-80μg/rat) induces the significant orexigenic effect in satiated rats. The orexigenic effect of agmatine was potentiated by ... allopregnanolone (0.5mg/kg, s.c.)..."
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Antiaddictive
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
http://cdn.amegroups.cn/journals/aps/files/journals/26/articles//7526/public/7526-PB1-R1.pdf
Anti-endotoxin
Agmatine attenuates stress- and lipopolysaccharide-induced fever in rats
Physiological stress evokes a number of responses, including a rise in body temperature, which has been suggested to be the result of an elevation in the thermoregulatory set point. This response seems to share similar mechanisms with infectious fever. ...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Anticholinergic
"Agmatine (10 mM) substantially blocks both DMPP-induced depolarizations of rat superior cervical ganglion and synaptic transmission through the ganglion. Others have established that [3H]-agmatine will pass through nicotinic receptor channels in the rat ganglion. These data suggest that agmatine acts both as a cation and as a weak channel blocker at neuronal nicotinic receptors..."
Serotonin antagonist
[5-HT1A/1B receptors, alpha2-adrenoceptors and the post-receptor adenylate cyclase activation in the mice brain are involved in the antidepressant-like action of agmatine] - PubMed
This study is to explore the possible mechanisms of the antidepressant-like effect of agmatine. By using two traditional "behavior despair" model, tail suspension test and forced swimming test, we examined the effects of some monoamine receptor antagonists (including beta-adrenergic receptor...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
There I mean that agmatine is serotonin presynaptic agonist that just means antiserotonine action
Lower Nitric Oxide
"Results showed that pretreatment with a subeffective dose of agmatine (0.01 mg/kg) augmented the antidepressant-like effect of lithium subeffective dose (3 mg/kg) (P < 0.001). L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME, nonspecific nitric oxide synthase [NOS] inhibitor) at doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg, and 7-nitroindazole (7-NI, neuronal NOS inhibitor) at doses of 15 and 30 mg/kg potentiated the antidepressant-like effect of the subeffective combination of lithium (3 mg/kg) and agmatine (0.001 mg/kg) (P < 0.001, P < 0.01, respectively). However, various doses of aminoguanidine (25 and 50 mg/kg, inducible NOS inhibitor) failed to alter the immobility time of the same combination (P > 0.05). Moreover, pretreatment with subeffective doses of L-arginine (substrate for NOS, 300 and 750 mg/kg) reversed the augmenting antidepressant-like effect of agmatine (0.01 mg/kg) on lithium (3 mg/kg) (P < 0.001). Moreover our results revealed that ... NOS plays a dramatic role in this response..."
Orexigenic affect
Acute orexigenic effect of agmatine involves interaction between central α2-adrenergic and GABAergic receptors - PubMed
Agmatine and GABA have been abundantly expressed in brain nuclei involved in regulation of energy homeostasis and promoting stimulation of food intake in rodents. However, their mutual interaction, if any, in the elicitation of feeding behavior is largely remains unclear. The current study...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Agmatine enhances caloric intake and dietary carbohydrate preference in satiated rats - PubMed
Agmatine is a decarboxylated metabolite of arginine endogenous to the brain. In vitro, agmatine inhibits binding of clonidine to alpha 2-adrenergic and imidazoline receptors. We have shown that acute administration of agmatine increases caloric intake and dietary carbohydrate preference in...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Antiaddictive
Effects of agmatine on the escalation of intravenous cocaine and fentanyl self-administration in rats - PubMed
Escalation of drug intake reliably occurs when animals are allowed extended self-administration access. As a form of plasticity, escalation of drug intake may be accompanied by neuroadaptive changes that are related to the transition from controlled use to addiction. The purpose of the present...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Agmatine Prevents Adaptation of the Hippocampal Glutamate System in Chronic Morphine-Treated Rats - PubMed
Chronic exposure to opioids induces adaptation of glutamate neurotransmission, which plays a crucial role in addiction. Our previous studies revealed that agmatine attenuates opioid addiction and prevents the adaptation of glutamate neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens of chronic...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Agmatine improves the behavioral and cognitive impairments associated with chronic gestational ethanol exposure in rats - PubMed
Chronic maternal ethanol exposure leads to poor intelligence, impaired cognition and array of neurological symptoms in offsprings and commonly referred as fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Despite high prevalence and severity, the neurochemical basis of FASD remains largely unexplored. The...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Supraspinally-administered agmatine attenuates the development of oral fentanyl self-administration
The decarboxylation product of arginine, agmatine, has effectively reduced or prevented opioid-induced tolerance and dependence when given either systemically (intraperitoneally or subcutaneously) or centrally (intrathecally or intracerebroventricularly). ...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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