Unsaturated fats inhibit Vitamin K2 absorption

Gabriel

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Just wanted to show you the following study that I stumbled upon (link).

It looked at the differential effects of fatty acids on Vitamin K2 absorption in the bowel of rats. It found that while the saturated acids butyric (C4:0), octanoic (C8:0) and stearic (C18:0) inhibited K2 absorption only in the ileum the unsaturated acids oleic (18:1) and linoleic (18:2) inhibited Vitamin K2 absorption in both ileum and colon. Comparing oleic and linoleic, linoleic appeared to be a greater inhibitor of Vitamin K2 absorption.



A study made in humans, that compared corn oil with olive oil/sunflower oil mixtures came to a similar conclusion (link).

Hence, apart from lipid peroxidation in the body, unsaturated fats (especially the PUFA linoleic acid), in contrast to SFA, may be deleterious by causing a Vitamin K2 deficiency if consumed in high amounts.
 

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himsahimsa

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From the Second Study (On humans)

" ...
Total plasma matrix Gla-protein (MGP) was also measured. After an initial adjustment diet, 26 healthy young men were fed, in a crossover design, the O/SO or CO diet for 2 weeks. Mean intakes of K1 during consumption of adjustment, O/SO, and CO diets were 225 μg/day, 291 μg/day, and 291 μg/day, respectively. Mean fasting levels of TAG and K1 were both significantly reduced by the CO diet, but not by the O/SO diet. Neither diet reduced FII activity but ucFII became detectable in nine subjects, eight of whom showed this abnormality with both diets. The CO diet induced a rise in ucOC (P < 0.05), which was negatively correlated to ucFII (r = −0.71, P < 0.03). The CO but not O/SO diet induced a decrease of total circulating MGP.
[tab=30]...
The sources of the oils used for the diets were: corn oil, ... olive oil, ... sunflower oil, ... Their SAFA-MUFA-PUFA compositions were: olive oil 14:77:9 (v/v/v), sunflower oil 12:24:64 (v/v/v), and corn oil 13:33:54 (v/v/v).
[v means 'by volume']
[tab=30]...
The O/SO and CO test diets were identical apart from their different fat contents. The O/SO diet provided the daily intakes of 68 g olive oil and 12 g sunflower oil (SAFA-MUFA-PUFA = 28:49:23, v/v/v) and the CO diet the equivalent intake of 80 g corn oil (SAFA-MUFA-PUFA = 29:33:38, v/v/v). The 80 g total daily intakes of dietary oils represented 73% of the total daily fat intake.
... "

[dropshadow=blue]Matrix Gla-protein (MGP) is the functional protein that prevents deposition of Calcium in soft tissue, like the lining of the arteries.[/dropshadow]

They were not looking at K2, (menaquinone) effects or absorption, and they do not say anything about K2 in the diets. Just because they added K1 (phyloquinone) doesn't mean there was any K2 present. Carboxylation of MGP is handled by K2 not K1 so their results suggest a direct inhibitory effect of PUFA (or at least of corn oil) on carboxylation of and even the presence of MGP, independent of inhibition of absorption of K2, if it was present in the YMH (Young Male Human) chow in the first place.

And they say the MGP was decreased, not 'carboxylated MGP' was decreased. Carboxilated MGP is what is usually reported, or a ratio. Maybe that's just careless reporting or maybe the corn oil binds or otherwise trashes MGP itself.

Carboxylation of MGP transforms it to its active state. Same goes for osteocalcin and its involvement in deposition of Ca in bone. K2 activates osteocalcin, K1 does not. K1 is for clotting, it is strongly conserved/recycled so unless you are taking Warfarin/Heparin or anything in that family, you need very little K1. But Warfarin also depletes K2. K2 does not interfere with the anticoagulants, K1 does, that's how the Heparin family of anticoagulants works in the fist place.

So this is more data pointing to PUFA promoting both atherosclerosis and osteoporosis.
 

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