Simply Inhaling Endotoxin (LPS) May Cause Parkinson Disease (PD)

haidut

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The role of endotoxin (LPS) in neurodegenerative diseases is becoming more and more recognized, despite claims by mainstream medicine that LPS only poses danger to people with severely compromised livers. However, even scientists that are aware of the causative role of LPS in those diseases focus mostly on the absorption of LPS from colon into the bloodstream, and focus their studies either on treatments that limit the production of LPS (e.g. antibiotics) or its absorption into the bloodstream (charcoal, improvement of gut barrier, etc). The study below demonstrates that simply inhaling LPS over a period of just six (6) weeks is enough to cause classic signs of PD in animals. Just as importantly, LPS was able to cause PD even without physically making its way into the brain. The inflammation in the nasal region caused by LPS eventually made its way into the brain and triggered the PD pathology. This directly contradicts the claims of mainstream medicine that LPS is harmless if it is not absorbed into the bloodstream, as LPS is known to cause GI inflammation even when localized inside the colon and the study below demonstrates that such localized inflammation can become systemic over time. That is actually the main message/conclusion of the study - inflammation (first local and then systemic), of any origin, is a major causative factor in PD. It does not really matter if that inflammation if triggered by PUFA, LPS, stress, radiation, toxic drugs, etc. On a more practical note, it is well-known that air in homes have bacteria/LPS levels several-fold higher than air outdoors. So, in addition to the benefits of sunlight exposure, we now have another VERY good reason to spend as much time outside as possible.

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Inhaled Toxins Can Inflame Brain in Ways That Promote Parkinson’s...
"...Inhaled bacterial toxins can cause inflammation in a brain region associated with smell, and this inflammation may help in the initiation and propagation of Parkinson’s-related molecular changes in the brain, a study in mice suggests. The study, “IL‐1β/IL‐1R1 Signaling Induced by Intranasal Lipopolysaccharide Infusion Regulates Alpha‐Synuclein Pathology in the Olfactory Bulb, Substantia Nigra and Striatum,” was published in Brain Pathology. Loss of the sense of smell is a common early non-motor symptom of Parkinson’s disease, often occurring before motor symptoms are noticeable and progressing over the course of the disease. Researchers in China and the U.S. tested the idea that inflammation might link these processes."

"...The research team administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the nasal cavities of mice daily for up to six weeks. LPS is a molecule found in some bacteria membranes; it is a powerful driver of inflammation. After two weeks, LPS-treated mice showed increased activation of microglia — a type of immune cell within the brain — in the olfactory bulb, but not the substantia nigra. After six weeks of LPS exposure, increased microglia activation was seen in both brain regions. “These results show microglia activation induced by the LPS treatment initially occurred in the OB [olfactory bulb], but reached the SN [substantia nigra] later,” the researchers wrote."

"...These brain regions also showed increased levels of interleukin-one beta (IL‐1 beta), a powerful inflammatory signaling molecule. Pre-treating mice with a chemical that blocks microglia activation significantly lowered IL‐1 beta levels in LPS-treated mice, suggesting “that the enhanced IL-1β [beta] in the OB [olfactory bulb] and SN [substantia nigra] was released from activated microglial cells,” the researchers wrote. Notably, LPS itself was not detected in the mice’s brains. This suggests that inflammation within the brain is driven by downstream inflammatory signaling, not by the inflammatory molecule itself."
"...Further experiments indicated that LPS exposure led to the death of dopamine-producing neurons in the brains of wild-type mice, but not in mice lacking IL-1R1. LPS exposure also caused Parkinson’s-like motor symptoms in wild-type mice; again, these were significantly eased in mice lacking IL-1R1. Collectively, these results suggest that inflammation — specifically, inflammation mediated by IL‐1 beta/IL-1R1 signaling — drives the initiation and spread of Parkinson’s-like changes in the brain. This indicates that inflammation, and this pathway in particular, may be a viable therapeutic target in Parkinson’s disease."
 

schultz

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I had been pondering getting a humidifier but became worried after reading several studies on PubMed talking about LPS in humidifier water becoming airborne and making people sick. I wonder, what are some other situations where people could be exposed to LPS in the air? I assume something like a barn maybe? The dust from animal droppings or something.
 

Regina

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I had been pondering getting a humidifier but became worried after reading several studies on PubMed talking about LPS in humidifier water becoming airborne and making people sick. I wonder, what are some other situations where people could be exposed to LPS in the air? I assume something like a barn maybe? The dust from animal droppings or something.
 

Michael Mohn

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Recently I spend over an hour with a potential client in a car and he smelled really bad out of his mouth. He had probably reflux and his breath smelled like excr.ments and rotten. I started to cough and couldn't stop, I had to force myself really hard to keep the coughing down. I felt sick for 2 days afterwards. Was he exhaling endotoxins?
 
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lvysaur

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On a more practical note, it is well-known that air in homes have bacteria/LPS levels several-fold higher than air outdoors. So, in addition to the benefits of sunlight exposure, we now have another VERY good reason to spend as much time outside as possible.
I think this is still not ideal. Outdoor air has more dust and particulate matter, while indoor air is (theoretically) clean.

The problem with indoor air is offgassing from chemicals (vinyl flooring, carpets, plastics, possibly some wood finishes?) and of course unhealthy modern people as mentioned in the post.

I think the "optimal" air to breathe would be one from either a healthy/"chemical-free" household, or a forest--where wind currents are blocked so dust is not a problem. Despite forests theoretically having more O2 than standard "field" air, I always feel great when inside of a forest, and the air is crisper and feels much cleaner

The evolution of humanity seemed to go from Forest --> Field --> villages, and this happened in tropical areas too where there is no climactic need for shelter. I don't think the reason was solely due to predators either, as they seem lacking in North and South America.

I think there are benefits to being indoors and that the house is in some sense a makeshift forest. A car-less city could also be be a great place theoretically (not that I trust the current powers to build one)

I had been pondering getting a humidifier but became worried after reading several studies on PubMed talking about LPS in humidifier water becoming airborne and making people sick. I wonder, what are some other situations where people could be exposed to LPS in the air? I assume something like a barn maybe? The dust from animal droppings or something.
You can make a good humidifier out of paper. Just make an origami nose cover, I used to do this and make tabs that kept it in place with my glasses. If you don't wear glasses you might have to use a band that goes around your head, but tbh you look less silly with glasses on. I was able to tolerate sub-freezing temps without my nose tip getting cold

I doubt all LPS is equal and all feces are equal. Some types of feces (cow) clearly smell better than others (industrial pig). I think if an animal is healthy, its feces will be less irritating, and also the animal itself will be less irritated by "bad" feces becoming airborne
 
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