Obese and healthy

[Mittir]

This is a recent article, still not published but "Article in Press" status.
This explains the earlier studies that found people can be overweight and obese
with no major health issues. They usually tried to blame it on genetics.
This one is going after PUFA. This looks like a really good study that covers a lot
of issue related to fat and diabetes.

Circulating Unsaturated Fatty Acids Delineate the Metabolic Status of Obese Individuals

Highlights
•Four independent studies were applied to examine the association of free fatty acids with metabolic status of obesity.
•Our data supported an important role for unsaturated fatty acids in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome.
•Two unsaturated fatty acids were predictive of future diabetes risk and diabetes remission after metabolic surgery.
About 25–40% of obese individuals, defined by the body mass index, are metabolically healthy. Because obesity is a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes, it is important to monitor obese individuals for changes in metabolic status. Simpler means of assessing the efficacy of surgical or dietary interventions are also desirable. We examined blood fatty acid levels in patients to locate potential biomarkers that would signify either greater risk of diabetes acquisition or effectiveness of diabetes treatment. Two unsaturated fatty acids, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid and palmitoleic acid, were shown to predict acquisition of diabetes and also evaluate diabetes remission post-metabolic surgery.

Abstract
Background
Obesity is not a homogeneous condition across individuals since about 25–40% of obese individuals can maintain healthy status with no apparent signs of metabolic complications. The simple anthropometric measure of body mass index does not always reflect the biological effects of excessive body fat on health, thus additional molecular characterizations of obese phenotypes are needed to assess the risk of developing subsequent metabolic conditions at an individual level.

Methods
To better understand the associations of free fatty acids (FFAs) with metabolic phenotypes of obesity, we applied a targeted metabolomics approach to measure 40 serum FFAs from 452 individuals who participated in four independent studies, using an ultra-performance liquid chromatograph coupled to a Xevo G2 quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometer.

Findings
FFA levels were significantly elevated in overweight/obese subjects with diabetes compared to their healthy counterparts. We identified a group of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) that are closely correlated with metabolic status in two groups of obese individuals who underwent weight loss intervention and can predict the recurrence of diabetes at two years after metabolic surgery. Two UFAs, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid and palmitoleic acid, were also able to predict the future development of metabolic syndrome (MS) in a group of obese subjects.

Interpretation
These findings underscore the potential role of UFAs in the MS pathogenesis and also as important markers in predicting the risk of developing diabetes in obese individuals or diabetes remission after a metabolic surgery.

Full Text :http://www.ebiomedicine.com/article/S2352-3964(15)30127-4/pdf

 

[Nicholas]

love it

 

[Forsythia]

Mittir, very interesting. What I would like to know is what % of normal weight individuals are metabolically healthy. Because it definitely isn't 100%. So, you can be obese or normal weight and be metabolically unhealthy and you can be obese or normal weight and be metabolically healthy. I would be interested in seeing the comparison, because I think that would be even more interesting than just focussing only on obese people.

 

[tara]

Thanks Mittir.

What do they mean by metabolic surgery?

 

[michael94]

Wonder if this has anything to do with those that were overweight during puberty vs normal weight and became obese later on

 

[brandonk]

This is a recent article, still not published but "Article in Press" status.
This explains the earlier studies that found people can be overweight and obese
with no major health issues. They usually tried to blame it on genetics.
This one is going after PUFA. This looks like a really good study that covers a lot
of issue related to fat and diabetes.

Circulating Unsaturated Fatty Acids Delineate the Metabolic Status of Obese Individuals

Highlights
•Four independent studies were applied to examine the association of free fatty acids with metabolic status of obesity.
•Our data supported an important role for unsaturated fatty acids in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome.
•Two unsaturated fatty acids were predictive of future diabetes risk and diabetes remission after metabolic surgery.
About 25–40% of obese individuals, defined by the body mass index, are metabolically healthy. Because obesity is a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes, it is important to monitor obese individuals for changes in metabolic status. Simpler means of assessing the efficacy of surgical or dietary interventions are also desirable. We examined blood fatty acid levels in patients to locate potential biomarkers that would signify either greater risk of diabetes acquisition or effectiveness of diabetes treatment. Two unsaturated fatty acids, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid and palmitoleic acid, were shown to predict acquisition of diabetes and also evaluate diabetes remission post-metabolic surgery.

Abstract
Background
Obesity is not a homogeneous condition across individuals since about 25–40% of obese individuals can maintain healthy status with no apparent signs of metabolic complications. The simple anthropometric measure of body mass index does not always reflect the biological effects of excessive body fat on health, thus additional molecular characterizations of obese phenotypes are needed to assess the risk of developing subsequent metabolic conditions at an individual level.

Methods
To better understand the associations of free fatty acids (FFAs) with metabolic phenotypes of obesity, we applied a targeted metabolomics approach to measure 40 serum FFAs from 452 individuals who participated in four independent studies, using an ultra-performance liquid chromatograph coupled to a Xevo G2 quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometer.

Findings
FFA levels were significantly elevated in overweight/obese subjects with diabetes compared to their healthy counterparts. We identified a group of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) that are closely correlated with metabolic status in two groups of obese individuals who underwent weight loss intervention and can predict the recurrence of diabetes at two years after metabolic surgery. Two UFAs, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid and palmitoleic acid, were also able to predict the future development of metabolic syndrome (MS) in a group of obese subjects.

Interpretation
These findings underscore the potential role of UFAs in the MS pathogenesis and also as important markers in predicting the risk of developing diabetes in obese individuals or diabetes remission after a metabolic surgery.

Full Text :http://www.ebiomedicine.com/article/S2352-3964(15)30127-4/pdf

I read this as saying that, in the authors' previous study, a very low carbohydrate diet reduced free fatty acid PUFAs and improved metabolic syndrome. Now this study is saying that bariatric (aka metabolic) surgery has roughly the same effect as a very low carbohydrate diet.

Dietary Intervention Resulted in Significant Improvements in Clinical
Markers and 9 UFAs

In the dietary intervention study, 38 obese subjects participated in
an eight-week, very low carbohydrate diet (VLCD) intervention and
showed beneficial effects, such as significant improvement of clinical
characteristics and metabolic markers, including BMI, waist circumference,
blood pressure, TG, and HOMA-IR (Supplementary Table S6).
Similar to the results from the metabolic surgery study, the overall
UFA levels, MUFA and n−6 PUFAs in particular, were decreased after
intervention.

Reducing free fatty acid PUFAs may be everyone's goal, but it's not obvious how best to go about it. Ray Peat and most others think that the ups and downs of insulin and sugar create conditions in which the body releases free fatty acids in response to low sugar. OK, given.

But it may not be practical to monitor blood sugar ups and downs, or to remind yourself to eat frequently. By the time you feel low blood sugar, it may be too late and the free fatty acid PUFAs may already be released from your fat tissue to wreak their metabolic harm (this is true regardless of how much PUFAs you eat, or don't eat). Add to this that as you age, your tissues seem to become less efficient at using glucose, potentially leading to the release of PUFAs here, too.

Thus, as Ray Peat first wrote a couple of decades ago now, in Nutrition for Women (1993) (pages 87-88), the very low carbohydrate diet may be (relatively) safe. On such a diet, even the brain can use ketones while sparing glucose and glycogen, thus potentially avoiding the release of PUFAs altogether. Meanwhile, ketones are what Ray Peat describes as "what we would expect of an ideal fuel source" and cites "Their effects on cells–induction of hormone receptors and other specialized cell functions. suppression of stress-induced enzymes, stimulation of energy production in fat cells, inhibition of cancer cell division and viral expression, etc." See Ray Peat's Generative Energy (pages 66-67).

 

[michael94]

post 107451

This is a recent article, still not published but "Article in Press" status.
This explains the earlier studies that found people can be overweight and obese
with no major health issues. They usually tried to blame it on genetics.
This one is going after PUFA. This looks like a really good study that covers a lot
of issue related to fat and diabetes.

Circulating Unsaturated Fatty Acids Delineate the Metabolic Status of Obese Individuals

Highlights
•Four independent studies were applied to examine the association of free fatty acids with metabolic status of obesity.
•Our data supported an important role for unsaturated fatty acids in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome.
•Two unsaturated fatty acids were predictive of future diabetes risk and diabetes remission after metabolic surgery.
About 25–40% of obese individuals, defined by the body mass index, are metabolically healthy. Because obesity is a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes, it is important to monitor obese individuals for changes in metabolic status. Simpler means of assessing the efficacy of surgical or dietary interventions are also desirable. We examined blood fatty acid levels in patients to locate potential biomarkers that would signify either greater risk of diabetes acquisition or effectiveness of diabetes treatment. Two unsaturated fatty acids, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid and palmitoleic acid, were shown to predict acquisition of diabetes and also evaluate diabetes remission post-metabolic surgery.

Abstract
Background
Obesity is not a homogeneous condition across individuals since about 25–40% of obese individuals can maintain healthy status with no apparent signs of metabolic complications. The simple anthropometric measure of body mass index does not always reflect the biological effects of excessive body fat on health, thus additional molecular characterizations of obese phenotypes are needed to assess the risk of developing subsequent metabolic conditions at an individual level.

Methods
To better understand the associations of free fatty acids (FFAs) with metabolic phenotypes of obesity, we applied a targeted metabolomics approach to measure 40 serum FFAs from 452 individuals who participated in four independent studies, using an ultra-performance liquid chromatograph coupled to a Xevo G2 quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometer.

Findings
FFA levels were significantly elevated in overweight/obese subjects with diabetes compared to their healthy counterparts. We identified a group of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) that are closely correlated with metabolic status in two groups of obese individuals who underwent weight loss intervention and can predict the recurrence of diabetes at two years after metabolic surgery. Two UFAs, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid and palmitoleic acid, were also able to predict the future development of metabolic syndrome (MS) in a group of obese subjects.

Interpretation
These findings underscore the potential role of UFAs in the MS pathogenesis and also as important markers in predicting the risk of developing diabetes in obese individuals or diabetes remission after a metabolic surgery.

Full Text :http://www.ebiomedicine.com/article/S2352-3964(15)30127-4/pdf

I read this as saying that, in the authors' previous study, a very low carbohydrate diet reduced free fatty acid PUFAs and improved metabolic syndrome. Now this study is saying that bariatric (aka metabolic) surgery has roughly the same effect as a very low carbohydrate diet.

Dietary Intervention Resulted in Significant Improvements in Clinical
Markers and 9 UFAs

In the dietary intervention study, 38 obese subjects participated in
an eight-week, very low carbohydrate diet (VLCD) intervention and
showed beneficial effects, such as significant improvement of clinical
characteristics and metabolic markers, including BMI, waist circumference,
blood pressure, TG, and HOMA-IR (Supplementary Table S6).
Similar to the results from the metabolic surgery study, the overall
UFA levels, MUFA and n−6 PUFAs in particular, were decreased after
intervention.

Reducing free fatty acid PUFAs may be everyone's goal, but it's not obvious how best to go about it. Ray Peat and most others think that the ups and downs of insulin and sugar create conditions in which the body releases free fatty acids in response to low sugar. OK, given.

But it may not be practical to monitor blood sugar ups and downs, or to remind yourself to eat frequently. By the time you feel low blood sugar, it may be too late and the free fatty acid PUFAs may already be released from your fat tissue to wreak their metabolic harm (this is true regardless of how much PUFAs you eat, or don't eat). Add to this that as you age, your tissues seem to become less efficient at using glucose, potentially leading to the release of PUFAs here, too.

Thus, as Ray Peat first wrote a couple of decades ago now, in Nutrition for Women (1993) (pages 87-88), the very low carbohydrate diet may be (relatively) safe. On such a diet, even the brain can use ketones while sparing glucose and glycogen, thus potentially avoiding the release of PUFAs altogether. Meanwhile, ketones are what Ray Peat describes as "what we would expect of an ideal fuel source" and cites "Their effects on cells–induction of hormone receptors and other specialized cell functions. suppression of stress-induced enzymes, stimulation of energy production in fat cells, inhibition of cancer cell division and viral expression, etc." See Ray Peat's Generative Energy (pages 66-67).

Aside from trying to prevent PUFA from being released from fat cells, what can mitigate the damage they do? I know saturated fat helps to some degree right? Anything else?

EDIT ( Should've used search function first )

Things that help mitigate damage from pufa release/detox ( in no order ):

1. Sat fat
2. Taurine
3. Vitamin E

Anything big I'm missing?

 

[Mittir]

Aside from trying to prevent PUFA from being released from fat cells, what can mitigate the damage they do? I know saturated fat helps to some degree right? Anything else?

EDIT ( Should've used search function first )

Things that help mitigate damage from pufa release/detox ( in no order ):

1. Sat fat
2. Taurine
3. Vitamin E

Anything big I'm missing?

Once PUFA is released ,one of the way body gets rid of it is by liver detoxification through
Glucuronidation. Vitamin B1, B2, Adeduate protein and magnesium are necessary for this process.

 

[Hugh Johnson]

post 107454

post 107451

This is a recent article, still not published but "Article in Press" status.
This explains the earlier studies that found people can be overweight and obese
with no major health issues. They usually tried to blame it on genetics.
This one is going after PUFA. This looks like a really good study that covers a lot
of issue related to fat and diabetes.

Circulating Unsaturated Fatty Acids Delineate the Metabolic Status of Obese Individuals

Highlights
•Four independent studies were applied to examine the association of free fatty acids with metabolic status of obesity.
•Our data supported an important role for unsaturated fatty acids in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome.
•Two unsaturated fatty acids were predictive of future diabetes risk and diabetes remission after metabolic surgery.
About 25–40% of obese individuals, defined by the body mass index, are metabolically healthy. Because obesity is a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes, it is important to monitor obese individuals for changes in metabolic status. Simpler means of assessing the efficacy of surgical or dietary interventions are also desirable. We examined blood fatty acid levels in patients to locate potential biomarkers that would signify either greater risk of diabetes acquisition or effectiveness of diabetes treatment. Two unsaturated fatty acids, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid and palmitoleic acid, were shown to predict acquisition of diabetes and also evaluate diabetes remission post-metabolic surgery.

Abstract
Background
Obesity is not a homogeneous condition across individuals since about 25–40% of obese individuals can maintain healthy status with no apparent signs of metabolic complications. The simple anthropometric measure of body mass index does not always reflect the biological effects of excessive body fat on health, thus additional molecular characterizations of obese phenotypes are needed to assess the risk of developing subsequent metabolic conditions at an individual level.

Methods
To better understand the associations of free fatty acids (FFAs) with metabolic phenotypes of obesity, we applied a targeted metabolomics approach to measure 40 serum FFAs from 452 individuals who participated in four independent studies, using an ultra-performance liquid chromatograph coupled to a Xevo G2 quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometer.

Findings
FFA levels were significantly elevated in overweight/obese subjects with diabetes compared to their healthy counterparts. We identified a group of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) that are closely correlated with metabolic status in two groups of obese individuals who underwent weight loss intervention and can predict the recurrence of diabetes at two years after metabolic surgery. Two UFAs, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid and palmitoleic acid, were also able to predict the future development of metabolic syndrome (MS) in a group of obese subjects.

Interpretation
These findings underscore the potential role of UFAs in the MS pathogenesis and also as important markers in predicting the risk of developing diabetes in obese individuals or diabetes remission after a metabolic surgery.

Full Text :http://www.ebiomedicine.com/article/S2352-3964(15)30127-4/pdf

I read this as saying that, in the authors' previous study, a very low carbohydrate diet reduced free fatty acid PUFAs and improved metabolic syndrome. Now this study is saying that bariatric (aka metabolic) surgery has roughly the same effect as a very low carbohydrate diet.

Dietary Intervention Resulted in Significant Improvements in Clinical
Markers and 9 UFAs

In the dietary intervention study, 38 obese subjects participated in
an eight-week, very low carbohydrate diet (VLCD) intervention and
showed beneficial effects, such as significant improvement of clinical
characteristics and metabolic markers, including BMI, waist circumference,
blood pressure, TG, and HOMA-IR (Supplementary Table S6).
Similar to the results from the metabolic surgery study, the overall
UFA levels, MUFA and n−6 PUFAs in particular, were decreased after
intervention.

Reducing free fatty acid PUFAs may be everyone's goal, but it's not obvious how best to go about it. Ray Peat and most others think that the ups and downs of insulin and sugar create conditions in which the body releases free fatty acids in response to low sugar. OK, given.

But it may not be practical to monitor blood sugar ups and downs, or to remind yourself to eat frequently. By the time you feel low blood sugar, it may be too late and the free fatty acid PUFAs may already be released from your fat tissue to wreak their metabolic harm (this is true regardless of how much PUFAs you eat, or don't eat). Add to this that as you age, your tissues seem to become less efficient at using glucose, potentially leading to the release of PUFAs here, too.

Thus, as Ray Peat first wrote a couple of decades ago now, in Nutrition for Women (1993) (pages 87-88), the very low carbohydrate diet may be (relatively) safe. On such a diet, even the brain can use ketones while sparing glucose and glycogen, thus potentially avoiding the release of PUFAs altogether. Meanwhile, ketones are what Ray Peat describes as "what we would expect of an ideal fuel source" and cites "Their effects on cells–induction of hormone receptors and other specialized cell functions. suppression of stress-induced enzymes, stimulation of energy production in fat cells, inhibition of cancer cell division and viral expression, etc." See Ray Peat's Generative Energy (pages 66-67).

Aside from trying to prevent PUFA from being released from fat cells, what can mitigate the damage they do? I know saturated fat helps to some degree right? Anything else?

EDIT ( Should've used search function first )

Things that help mitigate damage from pufa release/detox ( in no order ):

1. Sat fat
2. Taurine
3. Vitamin E

Anything big I'm missing?

Aspirin, selenium, glycine.

Also, caffeine, sufficient protein and carbs help liver deal with the PUFA. I'm not actually sure about SFA. It's protective, but that should be because it replaces PUFA. Fat free diets have been shown to be quite effective.

 

[Mittir]

post 107439 Thanks Mittir.

What do they mean by metabolic surgery?

They meant gastric bypass surgery.

 

[tara]

post 107478

post 107439 Thanks Mittir.

What do they mean by metabolic surgery?

They meant gastric bypass surgery.

Ta.

 

[michael94]

post 107475
Aspirin, selenium, glycine.

Also, caffeine, sufficient protein and carbs help liver deal with the PUFA. I'm not actually sure about SFA. It's protective, but that should be because it replaces PUFA. Fat free diets have been shown to be quite effective.

post 107473

Once PUFA is released ,one of the way body gets rid of it is by liver detoxification through
Glucuronidation. Vitamin B1, B2, Adeduate protein and magnesium are necessary for this process.

Appreciate it! I know it's been mentioned before throughout the forums but hopefully someone other than me will benefit from the info in one place.