Melatonin alleviates renal injury by activating mitophagy in diabetic nephropathy

[David PS]

Melatonin alleviates renal injury by activating mitophagy in diabetic nephropathy

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) causes serious renal tubule and interstitial damage, but effective prevention and treatment measures are lacking. Abnormal mitophagy may be involved in the progression of DN, but its upstream and downstream regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. Melatonin, a pineal...

www.frontiersin.org

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) causes serious renal tubule and interstitial damage, but effective prevention and treatment measures are lacking. Abnormal mitophagy may be involved in the progression of DN, but its upstream and downstream regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. Melatonin, a pineal hormone associated with circadian rhythms, is involved in regulating mitochondrial homeostasis. Here, we demonstrated abnormal mitophagy in the kidneys of DN mice or high glucose (HG)-treated HK-2 cells, which was accompanied by increased oxidative stress and inflammation. At the same time, the melatonin treatment alleviated kidney damage. After mitochondrial isolation, we found that melatonin promoted AMPK phosphorylation and accelerated the translocation of PINK1 and Parkin to the mitochondria, thereby activating mitophagy, reducing oxidative stress, and inhibiting inflammation. Interestingly, the renal protective effect of melatonin can be partially blocked by downregulation of PINK1 and inhibition of AMPK. Our studies demonstrated for the first time that melatonin plays a protective role in DN through the AMPK-PINK1-mitophagy pathway.

 

[David PS]

I do not agree with supplementing melatonin. In this video, Eric Berg explains why sunshine stimulates melatonin production.

View: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sNklS0lzlgA

From the YouTube notes:
DATA:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/6...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27500...
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/9/11/1...
https://www.pharmacytimes.com/view/ro...
https://biomedicine.com/articles/2015...
https://www.melatonin-research.net/in...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science...

This video is a summary of an important paper that blew me away. Three of the leading causes of death: • Heart disease • Cancer • Metabolic illnesses
With each of these causes of death, there is some type of dysfunction that destroys the mitochondria.
The essence of the problem is an excess of oxidative stress and free radical damage. Normally, the body protects against these things through its antioxidant networks.
Glutathione has been considered the most important antioxidant. But, melatonin is even more powerful and effective than glutathione.

Benefits of melatonin:
• It’s a powerful antioxidant
• It’s 2x more powerful than vitamin E
• It triggers antioxidants like glutathione
• It promotes sleep
• It supports the immune system
• It has anti-cancer benefits

There are two forms of melatonin, one being subcellular melatonin, which means it’s inside the mitochondria. It’s there to help protect against oxidation and free radical damage in the mitochondria.

A lack of melatonin can:
• Affect your sleep
• Cause inflammation
• Cause you to lose your antioxidant protection in the mitochondria
• Lead to chronic degenerative diseases (especially of the brain) The largest stimulus of subcellular melatonin is near-infrared light (NIR).

A few things that give off NIR:
• The sun • Campfires
• Fire in a fireplace
• Candles
• Incandescent lights
• Infrared sauna
• Infrared lights and lasers

Being outside in nature and in the sun may be just as important as eating healthy. Infrared light also protects against UV radiation. Being exposed to artificial lights (LED light and blue light) is a big cause of a deficiency of infrared light.

What you can do:
• Get outside in the sun
• Get a therapeutic near-infrared light
• Switch your lights to incandescent lights
• Have more fires or use candles

 

[David PS]

Melatonin relieves hepatic lipid dysmetabolism caused by aging via modifying the secondary bile acid pattern of gut microbes - Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences

It has been reported that aging-generated gut microecosystem may promote host hepatic lipid dysmetabolism through shaping the pattern of secondary bile acids (BAs). Then as an oral drug, melatonin (Mel)-mediated beneficial efforts on the communication between gut microbiota and aging host are...

link.springer.com