Another big point in favor of salt and this time the scientists actually provide salient explanation for why the low salt diet was detrimental - i.e. it increases renin, aldosterone and adrenaline. Pretty much what Peat wrote...about 30 years before this study.
It also matches well another study that I posted almost some time ago that showed serotonin starts to increase when sodium intake drops below 5g a day. This matches well the 4g daily sodium listed in the study below as a cutoff for activation of the renin and catecholamine system. The 4g - 5g elemental sodium a day corresponds to about 12g salt, which is about 1 tablespoon and again matches Ray's recommendations.
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(16)30467-6/fulltext?rss=yes
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/05/160521071410.htm
"...The researchers showed that regardless of whether people have high blood pressure, low-sodium intake is associated with more heart attacks, strokes, and deaths compared to average intake. "These are extremely important findings for those who are suffering from high blood pressure," said Andrew Mente, lead author of the study, a principal investigator of PHRI and an associate professor of clinical epidemiology and biostatistics at McMaster's Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine."
"...Current intake of sodium in Canada is typically between 3.5 and 4 grams per day and some guidelines have recommended that the entire population lower sodium intake to below 2.3 grams per day, a level that fewer than five per cent of Canadians and people around the world consume. Previous studies have shown that low-sodium, compared to average sodium intake, is related to increased cardiovascular risk and mortality, even though low sodium intake is associated with lower blood pressure. This new study shows that the risks associated with low-sodium intake -- less than three grams per day -- are consistent regardless of a patient's hypertension status."
"...Low sodium intake reduces blood pressure modestly, compared to average intake, but low sodium intake also has other effects, including adverse elevations of certain hormones which may outweigh any benefits. The key question is not whether blood pressure is lower with very low salt intake, instead it is whether it improves health," Mente said."
From the actual study above:
"...This suggests that the eff ect of a given level of sodium intake on clinical outcomes is only partly mediated through its eff ects on blood pressure and that other mechanisms might also be at play. This is supported by observations of activation of the renin system and of catecholamines with low sodium intake. High renin concentrations have been reported in studies of the Yanomamo Indians who reportedly consume very little sodium. Several studies have shown that increases of renin, aldosterone, and catecholamines are all associated with increased cardiovascular disease events and mortality. Therefore, predicting the net clinical effect based on only considering the eff ects of sodium on blood pressure might not provide a comprehensive understanding of its effects on cardiovascular disease and mortality, especially within the range of sodium intake that affects the renin system (<4 g/day)."
It also matches well another study that I posted almost some time ago that showed serotonin starts to increase when sodium intake drops below 5g a day. This matches well the 4g daily sodium listed in the study below as a cutoff for activation of the renin and catecholamine system. The 4g - 5g elemental sodium a day corresponds to about 12g salt, which is about 1 tablespoon and again matches Ray's recommendations.
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(16)30467-6/fulltext?rss=yes
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/05/160521071410.htm
"...The researchers showed that regardless of whether people have high blood pressure, low-sodium intake is associated with more heart attacks, strokes, and deaths compared to average intake. "These are extremely important findings for those who are suffering from high blood pressure," said Andrew Mente, lead author of the study, a principal investigator of PHRI and an associate professor of clinical epidemiology and biostatistics at McMaster's Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine."
"...Current intake of sodium in Canada is typically between 3.5 and 4 grams per day and some guidelines have recommended that the entire population lower sodium intake to below 2.3 grams per day, a level that fewer than five per cent of Canadians and people around the world consume. Previous studies have shown that low-sodium, compared to average sodium intake, is related to increased cardiovascular risk and mortality, even though low sodium intake is associated with lower blood pressure. This new study shows that the risks associated with low-sodium intake -- less than three grams per day -- are consistent regardless of a patient's hypertension status."
"...Low sodium intake reduces blood pressure modestly, compared to average intake, but low sodium intake also has other effects, including adverse elevations of certain hormones which may outweigh any benefits. The key question is not whether blood pressure is lower with very low salt intake, instead it is whether it improves health," Mente said."
From the actual study above:
"...This suggests that the eff ect of a given level of sodium intake on clinical outcomes is only partly mediated through its eff ects on blood pressure and that other mechanisms might also be at play. This is supported by observations of activation of the renin system and of catecholamines with low sodium intake. High renin concentrations have been reported in studies of the Yanomamo Indians who reportedly consume very little sodium. Several studies have shown that increases of renin, aldosterone, and catecholamines are all associated with increased cardiovascular disease events and mortality. Therefore, predicting the net clinical effect based on only considering the eff ects of sodium on blood pressure might not provide a comprehensive understanding of its effects on cardiovascular disease and mortality, especially within the range of sodium intake that affects the renin system (<4 g/day)."