Iodine And Lipid Peroxidation

[Giraffe]

Regarding iodine fortification of animal feed... Here is a map of Europe
http://hl-reuters.de/jod/KarteEuropaTierfutter.htm

red = fortified animal feed
orange = fortified cattle salt
green = no iodine fortification in animal feeds
white = not known

Website of the Iodine Global network
http://ign.org/p142000954.html

A word of caution: You can't know how much iodine is in milk and eggs. It varies a lot depending on what the animals were fed. EU law permits much more iodine in animal feed than is actually practiced.

 

[goodandevil]

Maybe the radiation from fukushima is somehow at play here?

Im a bit confuses on iodine conjugating with pufas, dont you need two alkynes to conjugate or no?

 

[montmorency]

Conventional dairy is usually high iodine because it is used to sanitize the udders during milking. It is also supplemented in cattle feed. Do you know if that practice is used in the UK?

Thanks for reminding me about that (but is it still done in the USA?).
I don't know about the practice in the UK. I will try to make some enquiries.

@Giraffe: Many thanks for that information.

I suppose for the individual, the most important thing is to try to determine his or her personal iodine status.
How reliable are the various tests which are now available?

...

I can certainly see that iodine supplementation is potentially fraught with problems, but on the other hand supplementation with thyroid hormone is not exactly a bed of roses either is it? For the record, I'm not doing either of those for the time being, but I am trying to become more informed in case nutrition alone seems not to be enough to improve things. The only real symptoms I have are overweight and somewhat less than stellar temperatures. However, I am now monitoring the latter slightly more carefully, and experimenting slightly with nutrition and don't plan to do anything too rash supplementationwise.

 

[montmorency]

Regarding iodine fortification of animal feed... Here is a map of Europe
http://hl-reuters.de/jod/KarteEuropaTierfutter.htm

red = fortified animal feed
orange = fortified cattle salt
green = no iodine fortification in animal feeds
white = not known

Website of the Iodine Global network
http://ign.org/p142000954.html

A word of caution: You can't know how much iodine is in milk and eggs. It varies a lot depending on what the animals were fed. EU law permits much more iodine in animal feed than is actually practiced.

Thanks again @Giraffe. When I pulled up the UK on that IGN link, I found links to papers such as this:
http://ign.org/cm_data/2014_Vanderpump_ ... dicine.pdf

Some very interesting stuff, e.g.

In countries which have previously been considered iodine
suffi cient, such as the US, iodised salt is used in about 70% of
households. However, recent data have shown that the median
UI excretion in adults declined from 320 µg/l in 1971–74 to
145 µg/l in 1988–94, and was more recently measured at
168 µg/l in 2001–2002.10 Up to 15% of women of childbearing
age, and almost 7% of them during a pregnancy, had iodine
excretion levels in the range of moderate iodine defi ciency,
namely below 50 µg/l. The most recent US survey data from
2009–2010 demonstrated that the US population remains
iodine-suffi cient, with a median UI concentration of 144 µg/l
but that the median UI concentration among pregnant women
had dropped to less than 150 µg/l, indicating mild iodine
defi ciency. Particular attention is therefore required to ensure
that pregnant women receive an adequate iodine supply
by administering multivitamin tablets containing iodine
supplements, in order to achieve the WHO recommended
dietary allowance of 200–250 µg iodine/day.
Mild to moderate iodine defi ciency occurs in areas that are
not immediately recognised as iodine defi cient. Although
the introduction of iodised salt has considerably improved
the situation globally in the developing world, iodine
defi ciency remains an issue in continental Europe where it is
estimated that up to 50% of children live in iodine defi cient
communities.11 The iodine intake may vary markedly within
a country because of signifi cant variations in the natural
iodine content of food and water. This was demonstrated in
Denmark where pregnant women without iodine supplements
had a median iodine excretion level of 66 µg/g creatinine in
Copenhagen and 33 µg/g creatinine in East Jutland.12

[...]

The re-emergence of iodine deficiency in the UK
Iodine deficiency has historically been considered an issue for
developing countries rather than industrialised countries such as
the UK. Endemic goitre associated with iodine deficiency was at
one time widespread in the UK and Medical Research Council
surveys in 1924 and 1944 reported visible goitre in up to 50% of
adult women and schoolgirls.19 No salt iodisation programme was
adopted in the UK, unlike in other European countries. Since
the 1940s, significant changes in farming practice in the UK were
associated with a rise in the iodine content of milk, particularly
during winter months when cattle are dependent on iodine-rich
artifi cial feed. In addition, successive UK governments from the
1940s encouraged increased milk consumption in schoolchildren.
By the 1980s this resulted in the iodine content of milk alone being
almost sufficient to meet the recommended daily requirement
of 150 µg per day and has been described as an ‘accidental public
health triumph’.19 Although national monitoring of milk iodine
content continued, the major concern was to avoid the harmful
effects of iodine toxicity rather than deficiency.
Recently, concern has also been expressed concerning the
finding that up to 50% of UK women of child-bearing age
screened in smaller studies at single centres were iodine deficient.
20 A study of the iodine content of 36 different salt
preparations from nine major national supermarkets in Cardiff
identified iodine concentrations which varied from undetectable
in 32 samples to trace quantities in two. Only two samples
contained meaningful concentrations of iodine (20 mg/kg)
related to the prevention of iodine deficiency. A similar pattern
of iodine deficiency has been seen in Ireland, with iodine intake
being particularly low in the summer months.20
A systematic survey of the UK iodine status in 2009 found
that the median UI excretion in a sample of 737 schoolgirls was
80 µg/l and that more than two-thirds had a UI of less than
100 µg/l (Fig 1).21 The study focused on young female subjects
aged 14–15 years who are pre-pregnancy, as in the short to
medium term it is their children that are most susceptible
to the adverse effects of iodine deficiency. Milk intake was
positively associated with UI (Fig 2) and as milk iodine
concentrations were unchanged it was likely to be the reduced
amount of milk now drunk by the population responsible for
the decline in iodine status

...

Conclusions
In developed countries such as the UK there is a strong public
health objective to lower salt intake to reduce the risk of
hypertension.10

oh, well, yes, there would be wouldn't there ...

It is estimated that only 10% of UK salt intake
is added to food at the table, so dialogue with the food and
salt industries to establish the feasibility of adding iodised salt
to processed food is essential. While accepting the available
evidence-base for salt iodisation to correct iodine defi ciency,7
a
recent UK government scoping paper from the Standing Advisory
Commission on Nutrition (SACN), which advises the chief
medical offi cer, has not recommended iodine supplementation in
pregnancy and even still questions the methodology of the iodine
status assessment in populations used by the WHO.
For the government to consider iodine prophylaxis to offset the
adverse effects of iodine defi ciency, data are required to provide
reassurance that at the population level the benefi ts far outweigh
any disadvantages. Salt iodisation is safe, equitable, largely
self-fi nancing, and extremely cost effective in an industrialised
country.7,10 The alternative strategy is daily oral potassium iodide
supplements for the most susceptible groups, such as women
pre-pregnancy. However, it is accepted in the UK that only 50%
of pregnancies are planned and that iodine supplementation
should ideally be at least three months prior to a pregnancy.27
No randomised trial data exist for iodine supplementation
in mild-moderate iodine-defi cient pregnant women. Recent
epidemiological data may be the catalyst to stimulate interest
and awareness of iodine defi ciency and its correction as an issue
of major public health importance in the UK. The ongoing
monitoring of the population iodine status remains critically
important, especially in those most at risk, such as young
women. It is possible to combine population interventions to
reduce population salt intake with salt iodisation programmes
in order to maintain adequate levels of iodine nutrition. ■

Conflict of interest
Dr Vanderpump is the current UK representative of the International
Council for the Control of the Iodine Defi ciency Disorders and
President of the British Thyroid Association

(Sorry for the long post, but I think this is interesting and relevant stuff).

 

[Giraffe]

@ Montmorency: Just a couple of thoughts ...

Threre is another article relating decreased iodine intake in the UK to decreased consumption of milk.

You probably meet RDI for iodine with 1 l milk, 1 egg and a bit of cheese or meat (due to iodine fortification of animal feed). Nutrition data charts are not reliable.

When having iodine status tested make sure to have co-factors (selenium, vitamin A, zinc, ...) tested as well. Supplementing those minerals individually is tricky; you can easily overdo it. If you believe Haidut (I do) optimal iodine status is a bit individual.

When reading information from organisations like the Iodine Global Network bear in mind that they are lobbyists promoting a product.

 

[montmorency]

@ Montmorency: Just a couple of thoughts ...

Threre is another article relating decreased iodine intake in the UK to decreased consumption of milk.

You probably meet RDI for iodine with 1 l milk, 1 egg and a bit of cheese or meat (due to iodine fortification of animal feed). Nutrition data charts are not reliable.

When having iodine status tested make sure to have co-factors (selenium, vitamin A, zinc, ...) tested as well. Supplementing those minerals individually is tricky; you can easily overdo it. If you believe Haidut (I do) optimal iodine status is a bit individual.

When reading information from organisations like the Iodine Global Network bear in mind that they are lobbyists promoting a product.

Thanks for the pointers and words of caution @Giraffe.
The following is one of theirs, but interesting for the international comparison:

http://www.ign.org/cm_data/Scorecard_IG ... 3_2015.pdf

The UK is now officially classed as "insufficient". The USA is classed as "more than adequate" (so can't argue with Ray as far as the USA is concerned).

Based on your list above, I personally almost certainly get the RDA, and probably then some as I do try to get white fish (in the form of squid, one of Ray's suggestions for "safe" fish) once a week or so.

 

[Parsifal]

Wouldn't it be better to treat hypothyroidism with iodine and selenium than by taking NDT or synthetic thyroid? Iodine Revisited: Is There Something There? - Scott Schlegel