haidut

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The study itself has a misleading title because there are quite a few situations that can result in lower brain pH (and thus high acidity). High levels of CO2 can also cause low brain pH levels, but as I posted in a few other studies drugs that raise CO2 levels can actually treat mental disease.
Acetazolamide Plus Thiamine As Treatment Of Mental Conditions

So, as this new study below shows, it is specifically the low pH caused by high lactate that is a likely cause of the mental/mood disturbances. As we all know, high lactate is a sign of poor metabolism and specifically poor metabolism (wasting) of glucose. It can be caused by many factors including hypothyroidism, vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency, elevated FFA/lipolysis/cortisol/adrenaline/serotonin/prolactin/etc. This confirms once again the metabolic origin of these conditions, just as Ray first wrote about 40 yeas ago. And, as the post above suggests, dietary measures to improve metabolism and lower lactate levels can be quite therapeutic. In addition to acetazolamide (and other carbonic anhydrase inhibitors), thiamine is well-known to lower lactate due to its role as a cofactor of the enzyme PDH. Another way to lower lactate is to increase the NAD/NADH ratio, which can effectively be done by things like niacinamide and methylene blue, as well as thyroid. Needless to say, both methylene blue and niacinamide/niacin have been used in the past to successfully treat mental disorders. I posted a few human studies with methylene blue and I think most people here are aware of the trials run by Hoffer back in the 1960s and 1970s.

Niacinamide Causes Dramatic Increase In Nad And Fall In Lactate
Methylene Blue As A Treatment For Manic Depressive Psychosis
A Controlled Trial Of Methylene Blue In Severe Depressive Illness

Speaking of niacin (and in light of the new evidence), I wonder if the therapeutic effects Hoffer saw in patients with schizophrenia on high dose niacin were due more to the lactate-lowering effects of niacin and not so much on its reduction of the chemical adrenochrome, which Hoffer thought to be the direct cause of schizophrenia.
Finally, some people on those forum (wink, wink @tyw ) made strong claims that lactate is good for the brain and elevating its levels may be beneficial. I would like to hear their thoughts in light of this "new"evidence.

Neuropsychopharmacology - Abstract of article: Decreased Brain pH as a Shared Endophenotype of Psychiatric Disorders

"...We then measured pH, lactate levels, and related metabolite levels in brain homogenates from five neurodevelopmental mouse models of psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism spectrum disorders. All mice were drug-naïve with the same agonal state, postmortem interval, and age within each strain. Our meta-analysis revealed that brain pH was significantly lower in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder than in control participants, even when a few potential confounding factors (postmortem interval, age, and history of antipsychotic use) were considered. In animal experiments, we observed significantly lower pH and higher lactate levels in the brains of model mice relative to controls, as well as a significant negative correlation between pH and lactate levels. Our findings suggest that lower pH associated with increased lactate levels is not a mere artifact, but rather implicated in the underlying pathophysiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder."
 

aguilaroja

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...low pH caused by high lactate that is a likely cause of the mental/mood disturbances.
...high lactate is a sign of poor metabolism and specifically poor metabolism (wasting) of glucose. It can be caused by many factors including hypothyroidism, vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency, elevated FFA/lipolysis/cortisol/adrenaline/serotonin/prolactin/etc.
....dietary measures to improve metabolism and lower lactate levels can be quite therapeutic. In addition to acetazolamide (and other carbonic anhydrase inhibitors), thiamine is well-known to lower lactate due to its role as a cofactor of the enzyme PDH. Another way to lower lactate is to increase the NAD/NADH ratio, which can effectively be done by things like niacinamide and methylene blue, as well as thyroid.
...both methylene blue and niacinamide/niacin have been used in the past to successfully treat mental disorders.
Neuropsychopharmacology - Abstract of article: Decreased Brain pH as a Shared Endophenotype of Psychiatric Disorders..."

It is possible that beta-lapachone also assists in lowering lactate. The suggestive evidence known to me so far is in relation to MELAS Syndrome. The study was cited previously in a thread by @haidut about beta-lapachone’s helpful properties.

β-Lapachone attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction in MELAS cybrid cells. - PubMed - NCBI
“β-Lap significantly restored energy production and mitochondrial membrane potential as well as normalized the elevated ROS level in MELAS cybrid cells. Additionally, β-lap reduced lactic acidosis and restored glucose uptake in the MELAS cybrid cells.”

Amazing Medicinal Properties Of Beta-lapachone (β-lapachone)
 

Hitoshi

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Mouse brain is not human brain.
the larger the brain, the more lactate can be used. Humans have very good tolerance to lactate-driven brain metabolism.

- The brain runs very well on lactate
- Lactate accumulation in the brain is a failure for the Brain to use that Lactate. ie: some lower level mechanism is ****88

Lactate drives brain blood flow and neurogenesis -- Lactate Administration Reproduces Specific Brain and Liver Exercise-Related Changes

Another study saying the same thing (in humans) -- Increased lactate/pyruvate ratio augments blood flow in physiologically activated human brain

in mice, lactate infusion prevents hypoglycemic stupor -- SAGE Journals: Your gateway to world-class journal research

again, even in mice, the brain uses lactate well.

Energy redirection/triage hypothesis put forward in the 2012 article is serotonin an uper or a downer shows that in melancholia all growth/maintennace/reproductive systems are sacrificed at the expense of cognition. This may be pointing to the relative inability of other tissues to function in a state of altered metabolism/high lactate, wheras cortical tissue can.
 

Quality

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The study itself has a misleading title because there are quite a few situations that can result in lower brain pH (and thus high acidity). High levels of CO2 can also cause low brain pH levels, but as I posted in a few other studies drugs that raise CO2 levels can actually treat mental disease.
Acetazolamide Plus Thiamine As Treatment Of Mental Conditions

So, as this new study below shows, it is specifically the low pH caused by high lactate that is a likely cause of the mental/mood disturbances. As we all know, high lactate is a sign of poor metabolism and specifically poor metabolism (wasting) of glucose. It can be caused by many factors including hypothyroidism, vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency, elevated FFA/lipolysis/cortisol/adrenaline/serotonin/prolactin/etc. This confirms once again the metabolic origin of these conditions, just as Ray first wrote about 40 yeas ago. And, as the post above suggests, dietary measures to improve metabolism and lower lactate levels can be quite therapeutic. In addition to acetazolamide (and other carbonic anhydrase inhibitors), thiamine is well-known to lower lactate due to its role as a cofactor of the enzyme PDH. Another way to lower lactate is to increase the NAD/NADH ratio, which can effectively be done by things like niacinamide and methylene blue, as well as thyroid. Needless to say, both methylene blue and niacinamide/niacin have been used in the past to successfully treat mental disorders. I posted a few human studies with methylene blue and I think most people here are aware of the trials run by Hoffer back in the 1960s and 1970s.

Niacinamide Causes Dramatic Increase In Nad And Fall In Lactate
Methylene Blue As A Treatment For Manic Depressive Psychosis
A Controlled Trial Of Methylene Blue In Severe Depressive Illness

Speaking of niacin (and in light of the new evidence), I wonder if the therapeutic effects Hoffer saw in patients with schizophrenia on high dose niacin were due more to the lactate-lowering effects of niacin and not so much on its reduction of the chemical adrenochrome, which Hoffer thought to be the direct cause of schizophrenia.
Finally, some people on those forum (wink, wink @tyw ) made strong claims that lactate is good for the brain and elevating its levels may be beneficial. I would like to hear their thoughts in light of this "new"evidence.

Neuropsychopharmacology - Abstract of article: Decreased Brain pH as a Shared Endophenotype of Psychiatric Disorders

"...We then measured pH, lactate levels, and related metabolite levels in brain homogenates from five neurodevelopmental mouse models of psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism spectrum disorders. All mice were drug-naïve with the same agonal state, postmortem interval, and age within each strain. Our meta-analysis revealed that brain pH was significantly lower in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder than in control participants, even when a few potential confounding factors (postmortem interval, age, and history of antipsychotic use) were considered. In animal experiments, we observed significantly lower pH and higher lactate levels in the brains of model mice relative to controls, as well as a significant negative correlation between pH and lactate levels. Our findings suggest that lower pH associated with increased lactate levels is not a mere artifact, but rather implicated in the underlying pathophysiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder."

No wonder I respond well to glycine propionyl l carnitine, it lowers lactate powerfully.
 
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Is anyone taking or using Glycine propionyl-L-carnitine, interested in its increased blood flow properties. Propionyl-L-carnitine is useful for minimizing symptoms in patients with ulcerative colitis who are also under certain medications. It can eliminate the symptoms.

@Lokzo @Hans Ever tried it for exercise endurance???It is found mostly in Human heart tissues :):

@Steve123 Taken with Niacin can improve erectile dysfunction ;)

@Hans Propionyl-L-carnitine infused with acetyl-L-carnitine for six months is a remedy for low sexual performance, depression, and fatigue in older men. This combination works just like synthetic testosterone.

Avoid if you have an underactive thyroid, also might make your sweat smell 'funky' stink!
 
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Ketogenic Diet/LCHF regimen can reduce lactate, humans cannot produce it via lipid metabolism.
 

Sefton10

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Meanwhile, the “science” side of Twitter is promoting exercise to increase lactate and serotonin in the brain 🤯

35245507-CB28-46F3-8C0C-E4B1D4695713.jpeg
91CA67A1-3FBB-40A2-BE7C-4C7580220682.jpeg
 

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