Habitual coffee drinkers display a distinct pattern of brain functional connectivity
In conclusion, higher consumption of coffee and caffeinated products has an impact in brain functional connectivity at rest with implications in emotionality, alertness, and readiness to action.
The other network impacted by coffee intake was the limbic network, which is involved in processing the sensory input from the external and internal environment which, by modulating memory and motivation, determine emotional, autonomic, motor, and cognitive responses. A previous resting-state PET study showed reduced metabolic activity in components of this network after caffeine ingestion and a study using a hedonic fMRI task showed decreased activation in neuronal areas associated with memory and reward in caffeine consumers compared to non-consumers; the present FC data are consistent with those reports.
Our results are open to two interpretations: higher coffee/caffeine consumption leads to increased stress and anxiety; or, alternatively, higher stress and anxiety induce higher coffee/caffeine consumption. Moreover, given that resting-state studies using stress and anxiety samples have shown both decreases and increases in FC, the possibility that coffee/caffeine consumption elicits decreases in FC or compensates for FC beyond a certain threshold, must also be considered.
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