Full Access to MRNA Text

[PTP]

Just wondering if anyone has access to the full study titled "Be aware of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: There is more than meets the eye"
abstract here: Be aware of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: There is more than meets the eye - PubMed

I would like to read it, my family is putting a lot of pressure on me to get the vaccine, I know how the majority of people here feel about it and vaccines in general so please don't feel the need to warn me. But it would be nice to have a peer reviewed paper published in a scientific journal to explain some potential risks, Dr Peat and internet forums are not considered reputable sources in the world at large. Dr Robert Malone linked the above study on his twitter account, so the fact that the inventor of MRNA technology is concerned seems like it would be good enough reason for the average not at risk population to be concerned too.

But I can't see any links to the full text, and it's probably behind a paywall wherever it is, hoping someone here knows how I can get access cheap/free?

 

[meatbag]

Just wondering if anyone has access to the full study titled "Be aware of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: There is more than meets the eye"
abstract here: Be aware of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: There is more than meets the eye - PubMed

I would like to read it, my family is putting a lot of pressure on me to get the vaccine, I know how the majority of people here feel about it and vaccines in general so please don't feel the need to warn me. But it would be nice to have a peer reviewed paper published in a scientific journal to explain some potential risks, Dr Peat and internet forums are not considered reputable sources in the world at large. Dr Robert Malone linked the above study on his twitter account, so the fact that the inventor of MRNA technology is concerned seems like it would be good enough reason for the average not at risk population to be concerned too.

But I can't see any links to the full text, and it's probably behind a paywall wherever it is, hoping someone here knows how I can get access cheap/free?

Maybe this would help I cam across her work a few days ago; Stephanie Seneff Ph.D. MIT: SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines and Neurodegenerative Disease
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Here are some studies showing that the Spike Protein alone, which is the protein expressed by the mRNA in the shots, binds ACE-2 and is responsible for the damage;

Structure of SARS coronavirus spike receptor-binding domain complexed with receptor​

Structure of SARS coronavirus spike receptor-binding domain complexed with receptor - PubMed
The spike protein (S) of SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) attaches the virus to its cellular receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). A defined receptor-binding domain (RBD) on S mediates this interaction. The crystal structure at 2.9 angstrom resolution of the RBD bound with the peptidase domain of human ACE2 shows that the RBD presents a gently concave surface, which cradles the N-terminal lobe of the peptidase.

Predicting the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) utilizing capability as the receptor of SARS-CoV-2​

Predicting the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) utilizing capability as the receptor of SARS-CoV-2

"Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been proved to be the cellular receptor of SARS-CoV-2 [6]. ACE2 was initially identified as an exopeptidase expressed in vascular endothelial cells in the heart and the kidney that catalyses the conversion of angiotensins [11,12]. Later, ACE2 was well known for its function as the virus receptor of SARS-CoV [13]. Utilization of ACE2 as the receptor by SARS-CoV-2 is an important rationale to classify SARS-CoV-2 to the same subgenus as SARS-CoV. ACE2 is expressed in most vertebrates, but not all ACEs can be utilized by SARS-CoV-2 as the receptor."

SARS-CoV-2 binds platelet ACE2 to enhance thrombosis in COVID-19​

SARS-CoV-2 binds platelet ACE2 to enhance thrombosis in COVID-19
"Our findings uncovered a novel function of SARS-CoV-2 on platelet activation via binding of Spike to ACE2. SARS-CoV-2-induced platelet activation may participate in thrombus formation and inflammatory responses in COVID-19 patients."

"SARS-CoV-2 uses its Spike protein to enter host cells by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on the host cell membrane [23–26]. Meanwhile, transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), a serine protease, proteolytically cleaves and activates the Spike protein to facilitate SARS-CoV-2 virus-cell membrane fusions. Although the Spike protein from SARS-CoV-2 has been reported to bind to ACE2 and manipulate various cell functions [27–31], it has not been addressed if platelets express ACE2 and TMPRSS2."

"Since SARS-CoV-2 infects host cells via ACE2, we explored whether platelets express ACE2. We found that human platelets exhibit robust expression of ACE2 at both the RNA and protein levels as detected by RT-PCR (Fig. (Fig.2(A1))2(A1)) and Western blot (Fig. (Fig.2(B1)).2(B1)). These levels were similar to the human colon cell line Caco-2 and the human lung cell line Calu-3, which are used as SARS-CoV-2-infected host cells [52, 53]."

"SARS-CoV-2 and its Spike protein promote platelet function and thrombus formation via the MAPK pathway downstream of ACE2"

"ACE2 is the primary enzyme responsible for the conversion of Ang II, a pivotal mediator of lung injury, to Ang peptides. SARS-CoV-2 uses ACE2 as its cellular receptor, resulting in ACE2 degradation and ACE/ACE2 imbalance, which could drive Ang II-mediated lung injury in COVID-19 [73, 74]. In addition, the decline of ACE2 in infected cells could confer to a host protective mechanism from further viral attack."

A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus–induced lung injury​

A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus–induced lung injury

"Here we provide the first genetic proof that ACE2 is a crucial SARS-CoV receptor in vivo. SARS-CoV infections and the Spike protein of the SARS-CoV reduce ACE2 expression. Notably, injection of SARS-CoV Spike into mice worsens acute lung failure in vivo that can be attenuated by blocking the renin-angiotensin pathway. These results provide a molecular explanation why SARS-CoV infections cause severe and often lethal lung failure and suggest a rational therapy for SARS and possibly other respiratory disease viruses."

The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein alters barrier function in 2D static and 3D microfluidic in-vitro models of the human blood–brain barrier​

The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein alters barrier function in 2D static and 3D microfluidic in-vitro models of the human blood–brain barrier
"First, using postmortem brain tissue, we show that the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 or ACE2 (a known binding target for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein), is ubiquitously expressed throughout various vessel calibers in the frontal cortex. Moreover, ACE2 expression was upregulated in cases of hypertension and dementia. ACE2 was also detectable in primary hBMVECs maintained under cell culture conditions. Analysis of cell viability revealed that neither the S1, S2 or a truncated form of the S1 containing only the RBD had minimal effects on hBMVEC viability within a 48 h exposure window. Introduction of spike proteins to invitro models of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) showed significant changes to barrier properties. Key to our findings is the demonstration that S1 promotes loss of barrier integrity in an advanced 3D microfluidic model of the human BBB, a platform that more closely resembles the physiological conditions at this CNS interface. Evidence provided suggests that the SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins trigger a pro-inflammatory response on brain endothelial cells that may contribute to an altered state of BBB function. Together, these results are the first to show the direct impact that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein could have on brain endothelial cells; thereby offering a plausible explanation for the neurological consequences seen in COVID-19 patients."

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-mediated cell signaling in lung vascular cells​

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-mediated cell signaling in lung vascular cells
"The present study reports that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein alone without the rest of the viral components is sufficient to elicit cell signaling in lung vascular cells. The treatment of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells or human pulmonary artery endothelial cells with recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 subunit (Val16 – Gln690) at 10 ng/ml (0.13 nM) caused an activation of MEK phosphorylation. The activation kinetics was transient with a peak at 10 min. The recombinant protein that contains only the ACE2 receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 subunit (Arg319 – Phe541), on the other hand, did not cause this activation. Consistent with the activation of cell growth signaling in lung vascular cells by the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, pulmonary vascular walls were found to be thickened in COVID-19 patients. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-mediated cell growth signaling may participate in adverse cardiovascular/pulmonary outcomes

The Effect of COVID-19 on NF-κB and Neurological Manifestations of Disease​

The Effect of COVID-19 on NF-κB and Neurological Manifestations of Disease

The spike glycoproteins SARS-CoV-2 has a high affinity to ACE2 receptors, which are present in bronchial epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and neurons. ACE2 receptors are expressed in various anatomical locations, such as the nasal cavity, lungs, heart, kidneys, intestines, and brain. SARS-CoV-2 attaches itself to ACE2 via its spike glycoprotein, allowing RNA to enter the cell and replicate the virus [12, 13]. The wide range of ACE2 expression in multiple organs may be the reason for the heterogeneity of COVID-19 symptoms. SARS-CoV-2’s regional binding domain results in a strong affinity for ACE2 receptors [14, 15].

ACE2 is expressed in the nasal cavity epithelia, and has been hypothesized that the olfactory epithelium is a common early infection site of SARS-CoV-2. After infection of the olfactory epithelium, SARS-CoV-2 enters the brain via the olfactory nerve and olfactory bulb, according to this hypothesis [16]. ACE2 is expressed in multiple brain structures including brainstem, cortex, striatum, hypothalamus, and hippocampus [17–20]. Since ACE2 is expressed in neurons and glial cells throughout the brain, it makes both types of cells vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 [19]. ACE2 may influence GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) neurotransmission in the amygdala and potentially other structures in the brain, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 may alter the excitatory/inhibitory balance of networks in the brain [21]. The expression level of ACE2 in the brain is lower than in other organs, and other receptors may play a role in SARS-CoV-2 infection of the brain [22]. CD147 (basigin) is an extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer and is implicated as another receptor to which the SAR-CoV-2 spike protein is able to bind [23]. CD147 is highly expressed in mouse brain tissue compared to lung tissue, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 may bind to CD147 in the brain [24].

Very good technical article on Coronavirus spike proteins:

Structure, Function, and Evolution of Coronavirus Spike Proteins​

Structure, Function, and Evolution of Coronavirus Spike Proteins
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The mRNA is expressed as proteins in the cell, which is what creates the antigen response and is the doctrine of the mRNA approach;

The basics of mRNA to Protein Translation:

Translation of mRNA​

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9849/
Proteins are synthesized from mRNA templates by a process that has been highly conserved throughout evolution (reviewed in Chapter 3). All mRNAs are read in the 5´ to 3´ direction, and polypeptide chains are synthesized from the amino to the carboxy terminus. Each amino acid is specified by three bases (a codon) in the mRNA, according to a nearly universal genetic code. The basic mechanics of protein synthesis are also the same in all cells: Translation is carried out on ribosomes, with tRNAs serving as adaptors between the mRNA template and the amino acids being incorporated into protein. Protein synthesis thus involves interactions between three types of RNA molecules (mRNA templates, tRNAs, and rRNAs), as well as various proteins that are required for translation.

Sequence-engineered mRNA Without Chemical Nucleoside Modifications Enables an Effective Protein Therapy in Large Animals​

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4817881/
"Even in pigs of about 20 kg in weight, a single adequate dose of engineered mRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) induced high systemic Epo (Erythroprotein) levels and strong physiological effects"

"Messenger RNA is an intermediate carrier of genetic information that is used by organisms as template for protein expression. Thus, mRNA may also serve as a tool for the expression of proteins of interest by introducing exogenous molecules into target cells. This concept was first put to the test in the early 1970s by microinjecting RNA preparations into Xenopus oocytes, demonstrating the synthesis of RNA-encoded proteins"

"Obviously, cytokine secretion by RNA-transfected cells strongly correlated with the extent of nucleoside modifications. Transferring this concept to in vitro transcribed mRNA, for instance, pseudouridine-containing mRNAs reduced activation of known RNA sensors substantially.20,21,22 Although pseudouridine is primarily found in tRNA, rRNA, and small nuclear RNAs, pseudouridine-containing mRNAs were still translated and produced even more protein compared to unmodified mRNA.22,23 Accordingly, mRNA harboring modified nucleosides was suggested as means of choice for protein expression via mRNA."

"Intraperitoneal administration of TransIT-complexed sequence-engineered mEpo mRNA, either unmodified or harboring pseudouridine instead of uridine, into BALB/c mice confirmed our general in vitro observation of a reduced protein yield from nucleoside-modified mRNA (Figure 2a) (P < 0.0005 at all times, Student's t-test). A dose-titration revealed that substantial EPO levels could be obtained even with submicrogram quantities of mRNA (Figure 2b). Overall, protein levels were in the range of a previous study utilizing pseudouridine-modified mRNA formulated and administered in the same manner as here.27 However, our sequence-engineered mRNA gave rise to longer lasting protein expression."

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It is clearly stated that the shots induce the Spike Protein, which is what causes the effects of infection with the virus...

Gene therapy avenues and COVID-19 vaccines​

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8170448/

Both mRNAs are designed in a unique sequence to translate prefusion-stabilised conformation spike protein to stimulate the innate immune system to produce antibodies to be ready to invade the virus should infection happens. Both vaccines share the general idea and the main mRNA structure with some unique minor variations. The sequence of mRNA is 4100–4300 nucleotides long with a 5′ cap. The sequence also includes two proline substitutes (2P) that cause the spike to adopt a perfusion-stabilised conformation to reduce membrane fusion and stimulate neutralising antibodies [1, 2]. Noteworthy, the mRNA does not include any uridine residues; however, they are replaced by 1-methyl-3′-pseudouridylyl [3].

Typically, vaccines have one of the following forms: inactivated or live attenuated viruses, spike proteins or genetic materials (DNA or RNA) able to upregulate viral spike proteins when uptaken by the host’s cells.The main mechanism of mRNA vaccine is illustrated, Both mRNA vaccines are administered intramuscularly. Following the injection, lipid nanoparticles approach the cells and release mRNA inside the cytoplasmic space to encode a full-length mutated SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein to be present at the out surface of the cells.

Once mRNA is free inside cells cytoplasm space, mRNA’s translation process into SARS-COV2 spike protein stimulates innate immunity to produce neutralising antibodies against the produced protein.
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My note: ***So once the mRNA is delivered, the recepients cells turn into Spike Protein factories, recall the effects of the Spike Protein in the citations above
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SARS-CoV-2 protein subunit vaccination elicits potent neutralizing antibody responses​

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.31.228486v1
"The spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 mediates entry into host cells, and thus is a target for neutralizing antibodies and vaccine design. Here we show that adjuvanted protein immunization with SARS-CoV-2 spike trimers, stabilized in prefusion conformation 1, results in potent antibody responses in mice and rhesus macaques with neutralizing antibody titers orders of magnitude greater than those typically measured in serum from SARS-CoV-2 seropositive humans."

Phase 1–2 Trial of a SARS-CoV-2 Recombinant Spike Protein Nanoparticle Vaccine​

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7494251/
rSARS-CoV-2, developed by Novavax and manufactured at Emergent Biosolutions, is a recombinant nanoparticle vaccine constructed from the full-length (i.e., including the transmembrane domain), wild-type SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (GenBank accession number, MN908947; nucleotides 21563–25384) optimized in the established baculovirus Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cell-expression system.9 rSARS-CoV-2 is generated with 682-QQAQ-685 mutations at the S1/S2 cleavage sites to confer protease resistance and two proline substitutions at residues K986P and V987P at the top of the heptad repeat 1/central helix in the S2 subunit to stabilize the construct in a prefusion conformation. rSARS-CoV-2 is resistant to proteolytic cleavage, binds with high affinity to the hACE2 receptor, and demonstrates thermostability.9,11 Matrix-M1, a saponin-based adjuvant,12 was manufactured by Novavax. Both vaccine and adjuvant were stored at 2°C to 8°C. Placebo was sterile 0.9% normal saline.

An mRNA Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 — Preliminary Report​

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7377258/
The candidate vaccine mRNA-1273 is a lipid nanoparticle–encapsulated, nucleoside-modified messenger RNA (mRNA)–based vaccine that encodes the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein stabilized in its prefusion conformation. The S glycoprotein mediates host cell attachment and is required for viral entry3; it is the primary vaccine target for many candidate SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.4-7
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An Overview on the Development of mRNA-Based Vaccines and Their Formulation Strategies for Improved Antigen Expression In Vivo https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33799516/

"Eukaryotic mRNA is generally transcribed in the nucleus, transported to the cytoplasm via nuclear export, and leading to protein synthesis. On the other hand, IVT mRNA must transfect into the cytosolic space from the extracellular matrix

Expression of therapeutic proteins after delivery of chemically modified mRNA in mice​

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21217696/
"A single intramuscular injection of modified murine erythropoietin mRNA raises the average hematocrit in mice from 51.5% to 64.2% after 28 days."

 

[meatbag]

See also RKJr's site Children's Health Defense:

Could Spike Protein in Moderna, Pfizer Vaccines Cause Blood Clots, Brain Inflammation and Heart Attacks?​

Could Spike Protein in Moderna, Pfizer Vaccines Cause Blood Clots, Brain Inflammation and Heart Attacks? • Children's Health Defense
Dr. J. Patrick Whelan, a pediatric rheumatologist, warned the FDA in December that mRNA vaccines could cause microvascular injury to the brain, heart, liver and kidneys in ways not assessed in safety trials.

‘We Made a Big Mistake’ — COVID Vaccine Spike Protein Travels From Injection Site, Can Cause Organ Damage​

‘We Made a Big Mistake’ — COVID Vaccine Spike Protein Travels From Injection Site, Can Cause Organ Damage • Children's Health Defense
Research obtained by a group of scientists shows the COVID vaccine spike protein can travel from the injection site and accumulate in organs and tissues including the spleen, bone marrow, the liver, adrenal glands and in “quite high concentrations” in the ovaries.

As Drug Makers Set Sights on Vaccinating 5-Year-Olds, Latest VAERS Data Show Number of Injuries, Deaths Continues to Climb​

As Drug Makers Set Sights on Vaccinating 5-Year-Olds, Latest VAERS Data Show Number of Injuries, Deaths Continues to Climb • Children's Health Defense
VAERS data released today showed 329,021 reports of adverse events following COVID vaccines, including 5,888 deaths and 28,441 serious injuries between Dec. 14, 2020 and June 4, 2021.

 

[PTP]

Thank you

 

[RealNeat]

thehighwire.com makes plenty of claims but also features the references on their site. Much content to peruse if so inclined.

 

[Rick K]

Just wondering if anyone has access to the full study titled "Be aware of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: There is more than meets the eye"
abstract here: Be aware of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: There is more than meets the eye - PubMed

I would like to read it, my family is putting a lot of pressure on me to get the vaccine, I know how the majority of people here feel about it and vaccines in general so please don't feel the need to warn me. But it would be nice to have a peer reviewed paper published in a scientific journal to explain some potential risks, Dr Peat and internet forums are not considered reputable sources in the world at large. Dr Robert Malone linked the above study on his twitter account, so the fact that the inventor of MRNA technology is concerned seems like it would be good enough reason for the average not at risk population to be concerned too.

But I can't see any links to the full text, and it's probably behind a paywall wherever it is, hoping someone here knows how I can get access cheap/free?

Just tell them to eff off. Worked wonders for me regarding family pressure.

 

[Tarmander]

I would email this guy: [email protected]

from the journal the article was published in

 

[Badger]

See also RKJr's site Children's Health Defense:

Could Spike Protein in Moderna, Pfizer Vaccines Cause Blood Clots, Brain Inflammation and Heart Attacks?​

Could Spike Protein in Moderna, Pfizer Vaccines Cause Blood Clots, Brain Inflammation and Heart Attacks? • Children's Health Defense
Dr. J. Patrick Whelan, a pediatric rheumatologist, warned the FDA in December that mRNA vaccines could cause microvascular injury to the brain, heart, liver and kidneys in ways not assessed in safety trials.

‘We Made a Big Mistake’ — COVID Vaccine Spike Protein Travels From Injection Site, Can Cause Organ Damage​

‘We Made a Big Mistake’ — COVID Vaccine Spike Protein Travels From Injection Site, Can Cause Organ Damage • Children's Health Defense
Research obtained by a group of scientists shows the COVID vaccine spike protein can travel from the injection site and accumulate in organs and tissues including the spleen, bone marrow, the liver, adrenal glands and in “quite high concentrations” in the ovaries.

As Drug Makers Set Sights on Vaccinating 5-Year-Olds, Latest VAERS Data Show Number of Injuries, Deaths Continues to Climb​

As Drug Makers Set Sights on Vaccinating 5-Year-Olds, Latest VAERS Data Show Number of Injuries, Deaths Continues to Climb • Children's Health Defense
VAERS data released today showed 329,021 reports of adverse events following COVID vaccines, including 5,888 deaths and 28,441 serious injuries between Dec. 14, 2020 and June 4, 2021.

An outstanding compilation! Thanks for sharing!!!