Dietary Supplements With Chromium May Be Carcinogenic

[haidut]

I am pretty sure most people on the forum are familiar with the movie "Erin Borkovich" and the story it tells on the intentional poisoning of a few cities in California with the carcinogenic chromium VI. The official story has always been that chromium III is safe and it has no relation to chromium VI, and that exposure to chromium VI must be direct in order for cancer to develop.
Well, this study found that this official story is not true. Ingestion of chromium III from dietary supplements can result into some cell metabolizing the "safe" chromium into the carcinogenic chromium VI. Ray has always cautioned against supplementing with chromium and I think we now know why.

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1 ... 09065/full
http://medicalxpress.com/news/2016-01-l ... pills.html

"...Concerns have been raised over the long-term use of nutritional supplements containing chromium, after an Australian research team found the supplement is partially converted into a carcinogenic form when it enters cells. Chromium is a trace mineral found primarily in two forms. Trivalent chromium(III) picolinate and a range of other chromium(III) forms are sold as a nutritional supplements, while hexavalent chromium(VI) is its 'carcinogenic cousin'. The latter gained notoriety from the book and 2000 movie, Erin Brockovich, which linked an elevated cluster of illnesses, including cancer, to hexavalent chromium in the drinking water of the Californian town of Hinkley."

"..."The health hazards associated with exposure to chromium are dependent on its oxidation state. "We were able to show that oxidation of chromium inside the cell does occur, meaning it loses electrons and transforms into a carcinogenic form." Additional experiments have since been conducted at Australia's National Beamline Facility and the Photon Factory in Tsukuba Japan, (operated by the Australian Synchrotron) that has helped clarify the carcinogenic nature of chromium(V) and chromium(VI) formed in cells. Professor Lay said with the latency period for chromium(VI)-related cancers often greater than 20 years, the finding raised concerns about the possible cancer-causing qualities of chromium compounds and the risks of taking chromium nutritional supplements long term or in high doses."

 

[aguilaroja]

post 118788 ... Ingestion of chromium III from dietary supplements can result into some cell metabolizing the "safe" chromium into the carcinogenic chromium VI. Ray has always cautioned against supplementing with chromium....
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1 ... 09065/full
http://medicalxpress.com/news/2016-01-l ... pills.html

There are studies noting trivalent chromium Cr(3+) toxicity. Other studies find conversion of chromium III to chromium VI in drinking water. That likewise raises possible chromium III to VI conversion in cellular water, apart from the hazards of III itself. Here are some supportive earlier clues and associated findings:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4699750/
An Overview of Carcinogenic Heavy Metal: Molecular Toxicity Mechanism and Prevention
Hyun Soo Kim,* Yeo Jin Kim,* and Young Rok Seo
J Cancer Prev. 2015 Dec; 20(4): 232–240.

"Trivalent compounds included in Cr dust are water-insoluble, but can enter cells in ionized form via a specific membrane transport system. High concentrations of trivalent Cr can lead to cellular damage."
"...we also discovered that considerable diseases including lung cancer, skin allergy with dermatitis, and kidney diseases were induced by Cr and Cr compounds."

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22933550
Genotoxicity and oxidative stress in chromium-exposed tannery workers in North India.Ambreen K1, Khan FH1, Bhadauria S2, Kumar S3.
Toxicol Ind Health. 2014 Jun;30(5):405-14. doi: 10.1177/0748233712457447. Epub 2012 Aug 29.
"The study population comprised 100 male tanners in the exposed group and 100 healthy males (no history of Cr exposure) in the comparable control group....The findings...revealed that chronic occupational exposure to trivalent Cr may cause DNA damage and oxidative stress in tannery workers."

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23085592
Trivalent chromium and aluminum affect the thermostability and conformation of collagen very differently.
He L1, Cai S, Wu B, Mu C, Zhang G, Lin W.
J Inorg Biochem. 2012 Dec;117:124-30. doi: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.08.017. Epub 2012 Sep
"...the uni-point binding of Cr(3+) with carboxyl groups of collagen side chains...could decrease the hydrogen-bonding in collagen and result in the increase of protein hydrophobicity....
"AFM [atomic force microscopy] results further confirmed that the dehydration of collagen by Cr(3+) is more significant than Al(3+), thus inducing the aggregation of collagen fibrils."

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4128586/
Genotoxicity of tri- and hexavalent chromium compounds in vivo and their modes of action on DNA damage in vitro.
Fang Z1, Zhao M1, Zhen H2, Chen L2, Shi P2, Huang Z1.
PLoS One. 2014 Aug 11;9(8):e103194. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103194. eCollection 2014.
...Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] compounds are extensively used in diverse industries, and trivalent chromium [Cr(III)] salts are used as micronutrients and dietary supplements.... we report that they both induce genetic mutations in yeast cells. They both also cause DNA damage in both yeast and Jurkat cells and the effect of Cr(III) is greater than that of Cr(VI). ... we conclude that Cr(III) can directly cause genotoxicity in vivo.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26647114
Kinetics and Mechanisms of Cr(VI) Formation via the Oxidation of Cr(III) Solid Phases by Chlorine in Drinking Water.
Chebeir M1, Liu H1.
Environ Sci Technol. 2015 Dec 22. [Epub ahead of print]
"Results showed that the rapid oxidation of Cr(III) solid phases by chlorine was accompanied by Cr(VI) formation and an unexpected production of dissolved oxygen."
"Bromide, a trace chemical constituent in source waters, exhibited a catalytic effect on Cr(VI) formation due to an electron shuttle mechanism between Cr(III) and chlorine and the bypass of Cr intermediate formation."

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24306148
Comparative studies of tri- and hexavalent chromium cytotoxicity and their effects on oxidative state of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells.
Huang Z1, Kuang X, Chen Z, Fang Z, Wang S, Shi P.
Curr Microbiol. 2014 Apr;68(4):448-56. doi: 10.1007/s00284-013-0496-1. Epub 2013 Dec 5.
"Although both tri- and hexavalent chromium can induce cytotoxicity and oxidative stress, the action mode of Cr(3+) is different from that of Cr(6+), and serious membrane damage caused by Cr(3+) is not the direct consequence of the increase of lipid peroxidation."

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21766833
Chromium in drinking water: sources, metabolism, and cancer risks.
Zhitkovich A1.
Chem Res Toxicol. 2011 Oct 17;24(10):1617-29. doi: 10.1021/tx200251t. Epub 2011 Jul 28.
"The opposite process of Cr(VI) formation from Cr(III) also occurs, particularly in the presence of common minerals containing Mn(IV) oxides."

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24748929
Chromium does not belong in the diabetes treatment arsenal: Current evidence and future perspectives.
Landman GW1, Bilo HJ1, Houweling ST1, Kleefstra N1.
World J Diabetes. 2014 Apr 15;5(2):160-4. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v5.i2.160.
"None of the trials investigated whether the patients had risk factors for chromium deficiency. The evidence from randomized trials in patients with type 2 diabetes demonstrated that chromium supplementation does not effectively improve glycemic control. The meta-analyses showed that chromium supplementation did not improve fasting plasma glucose levels. Moreover, there were no clinically relevant chromium effects on body weight in individuals with or without diabetes."

 

[haidut]

post 118842

post 118788 ... Ingestion of chromium III from dietary supplements can result into some cell metabolizing the "safe" chromium into the carcinogenic chromium VI. Ray has always cautioned against supplementing with chromium....
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1 ... 09065/full
http://medicalxpress.com/news/2016-01-l ... pills.html

There are studies noting trivalent chromium Cr(3+) toxicity. Other studies find conversion of chromium III to chromium VI in drinking water. That likewise raises possible chromium III to VI conversion in cellular water, apart from the hazards of III itself. Here are some supportive earlier clues and associated findings:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4699750/
An Overview of Carcinogenic Heavy Metal: Molecular Toxicity Mechanism and Prevention
Hyun Soo Kim,* Yeo Jin Kim,* and Young Rok Seo
J Cancer Prev. 2015 Dec; 20(4): 232–240.

"Trivalent compounds included in Cr dust are water-insoluble, but can enter cells in ionized form via a specific membrane transport system. High concentrations of trivalent Cr can lead to cellular damage."
"...we also discovered that considerable diseases including lung cancer, skin allergy with dermatitis, and kidney diseases were induced by Cr and Cr compounds."

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22933550
Genotoxicity and oxidative stress in chromium-exposed tannery workers in North India.Ambreen K1, Khan FH1, Bhadauria S2, Kumar S3.
Toxicol Ind Health. 2014 Jun;30(5):405-14. doi: 10.1177/0748233712457447. Epub 2012 Aug 29.
"The study population comprised 100 male tanners in the exposed group and 100 healthy males (no history of Cr exposure) in the comparable control group....The findings...revealed that chronic occupational exposure to trivalent Cr may cause DNA damage and oxidative stress in tannery workers."

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23085592
Trivalent chromium and aluminum affect the thermostability and conformation of collagen very differently.
He L1, Cai S, Wu B, Mu C, Zhang G, Lin W.
J Inorg Biochem. 2012 Dec;117:124-30. doi: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.08.017. Epub 2012 Sep
"...the uni-point binding of Cr(3+) with carboxyl groups of collagen side chains...could decrease the hydrogen-bonding in collagen and result in the increase of protein hydrophobicity....
"AFM [atomic force microscopy] results further confirmed that the dehydration of collagen by Cr(3+) is more significant than Al(3+), thus inducing the aggregation of collagen fibrils."

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4128586/
Genotoxicity of tri- and hexavalent chromium compounds in vivo and their modes of action on DNA damage in vitro.
Fang Z1, Zhao M1, Zhen H2, Chen L2, Shi P2, Huang Z1.
PLoS One. 2014 Aug 11;9(8):e103194. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103194. eCollection 2014.
...Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] compounds are extensively used in diverse industries, and trivalent chromium [Cr(III)] salts are used as micronutrients and dietary supplements.... we report that they both induce genetic mutations in yeast cells. They both also cause DNA damage in both yeast and Jurkat cells and the effect of Cr(III) is greater than that of Cr(VI). ... we conclude that Cr(III) can directly cause genotoxicity in vivo.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26647114
Kinetics and Mechanisms of Cr(VI) Formation via the Oxidation of Cr(III) Solid Phases by Chlorine in Drinking Water.
Chebeir M1, Liu H1.
Environ Sci Technol. 2015 Dec 22. [Epub ahead of print]
"Results showed that the rapid oxidation of Cr(III) solid phases by chlorine was accompanied by Cr(VI) formation and an unexpected production of dissolved oxygen."
"Bromide, a trace chemical constituent in source waters, exhibited a catalytic effect on Cr(VI) formation due to an electron shuttle mechanism between Cr(III) and chlorine and the bypass of Cr intermediate formation."

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24306148
Comparative studies of tri- and hexavalent chromium cytotoxicity and their effects on oxidative state of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells.
Huang Z1, Kuang X, Chen Z, Fang Z, Wang S, Shi P.
Curr Microbiol. 2014 Apr;68(4):448-56. doi: 10.1007/s00284-013-0496-1. Epub 2013 Dec 5.
"Although both tri- and hexavalent chromium can induce cytotoxicity and oxidative stress, the action mode of Cr(3+) is different from that of Cr(6+), and serious membrane damage caused by Cr(3+) is not the direct consequence of the increase of lipid peroxidation."

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21766833
Chromium in drinking water: sources, metabolism, and cancer risks.
Zhitkovich A1.
Chem Res Toxicol. 2011 Oct 17;24(10):1617-29. doi: 10.1021/tx200251t. Epub 2011 Jul 28.
"The opposite process of Cr(VI) formation from Cr(III) also occurs, particularly in the presence of common minerals containing Mn(IV) oxides."

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24748929
Chromium does not belong in the diabetes treatment arsenal: Current evidence and future perspectives.
Landman GW1, Bilo HJ1, Houweling ST1, Kleefstra N1.
World J Diabetes. 2014 Apr 15;5(2):160-4. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v5.i2.160.
"None of the trials investigated whether the patients had risk factors for chromium deficiency. The evidence from randomized trials in patients with type 2 diabetes demonstrated that chromium supplementation does not effectively improve glycemic control. The meta-analyses showed that chromium supplementation did not improve fasting plasma glucose levels. Moreover, there were no clinically relevant chromium effects on body weight in individuals with or without diabetes."

Wow, thanks for pointing this out. I was always wary of supplementing with exotic metals but this is pretty serious. Chromium picolinate is used in combination with biotin as a "safe" treatment of early stage type II diabetes in many countries. I wonder how many of the cancer cases worldwide are due to chromium ingestion.

 

[Orion]

post 118851 Wow, thanks for pointing this out. I was always wary of supplementing with exotic metals but this is pretty serious. Chromium picolinate is used in combination with biotin as a "safe" treatment of early stage type II diabetes in many countries. I wonder how many of the cancer cases worldwide are due to chromium ingestion.

Should we be dumping the chromium picolinate in the trash? food sources only?

 

[haidut]

post 119283

post 118851 Wow, thanks for pointing this out. I was always wary of supplementing with exotic metals but this is pretty serious. Chromium picolinate is used in combination with biotin as a "safe" treatment of early stage type II diabetes in many countries. I wonder how many of the cancer cases worldwide are due to chromium ingestion.

Should we be dumping the chromium picolinate in the trash? food sources only?

I don't think there is chromium picolinate in any food unless it has been added by the food vendor. I am not taking any chromium and in light of this evidence and Peat's strong caution against taking it I'd think the question is settled for now.

 

[aguilaroja]

...Should we be dumping the chromium picolinate in the trash? food sources only?

I don't think there is chromium picolinate in any food unless it has been added by the food vendor. I am not taking any chromium and in light of this evidence and Peat's strong caution against taking it ...

Hats off as usual to Dr. Peat and haidut for raising the topic. With recent evidence, there seems reason to reason for caution about any chromium intake. Since a chromium coating is used as liner for tin plated steel & aluminum food/beverage containers, it may be better to reduce their use.

Studies seem to suggest that ample NADH (a hallmark of lively metabolism) and adequate zinc in the diet might be protective for the apparently more harmful Cr-VI (hexavalent chromium).

The wikipedia page on chromium mentions that at the very least, the view of trivalent chromium (Cr(III) or Cr3+) as a trace or essential mineral is disputed (my emphasis added; references at the wikipedia site):

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium#Biological_role
"Recently, a paradigm shift has occurred in terms of the status of trivalent chromium (Cr(III) or Cr3+). It was first proposed to be an essential element in the late 1950s and accepted as a trace element in the 1980s. However, scientific studies have continued to fail to produce convincing evidence for this status."

"Chromium deficiency, involving a lack of Cr(III) in the body, or perhaps some complex of it, such as glucose tolerance factor is controversial, or is at least extremely rare. Chromium has no verified biological role and has been classified by some as not essential for mammals."

"Although no biological role for chromium has ever been demonstrated, dietary supplements for chromium include chromium(III) picolinate, chromium(III) polynicotinate, and related materials. The benefit of those supplements is questioned by some studies. The use of chromium-containing dietary supplements is controversial, owing to the absence of any verified biological role, the expense of these supplements, and the complex effects of their use.The popular dietary supplement chromium picolinate complex generates chromosome damage in hamster cells (due to the picolinate ligand).... In 2014 the European Food Safety Authority published a report stating that the intake of chromium(III) has no beneficial effect on healthy people, thus the Panel removed chromium from the list of nutrients and essential elements"

--
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23095360
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jjh ... /-char/ja/
[Is chromium an essential trace element in human nutrition?]. [Article in Japanese]
Yoshida M1.
Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi. 2012;67(4):485-91.
"...recent research has clearly shown that feeding with a severely low-chromium diet (0.016 μg/g) does not impair glucose tolerance. The amount of chromium absorbed in humans estimated from chromium intake (20 to 80 μg/day), chromium absorption rate (1%), and urinary chromium excretion (<1 μg/day) is less than 1 μg/day, which is much lower than those of other essential trace elements. In addition, because there is an inconsistency between the chromium concentration in food and chromium intake, chromium intake seems to be dependent on chromium contamination during food processing and cooking. It is concluded that there is a high possibility that chromium is not an essential trace element."

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25972198
Chromium (VI)-induced transformation is enhanced by Zn deficiency in BALB/c 3T3 cells.
Kimura T1, Onodera A, Okumura F, Nakanishi T, Itoh N.
J Toxicol Sci. 2015 Jun;40(3):383-7. doi: 10.2131/jts.40.383.
"...we showed that Zn deficiency decreased MT expression in BALB/3T3 clone A31-1-1 cells and caused them to become highly susceptible to Cr(VI)-induced transformation....The increase in susceptibility to transformation was abolished by culturing the cells with supplemental Zn (50 µM).

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16887109
The role of intracellular zinc in chromium(VI)-induced oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis.
Rudolf E1, Cervinka M.
Chem Biol Interact. 2006 Sep 25;162(3):212-27. Epub 2006 Jun 27.
"Decreased intracellular zinc enhanced cytotoxic effects of all the tested Cr(VI) concentrations, leading to rapid loss of cell membrane integrity and nuclear dispersion--hallmarks of necrosis."

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3257147/ PMCID: PMC3257147
Advances in Carcinogenic Metal Toxicity and Potential Molecular Markers
Preeyaporn Koedrith1,2 and Young Rok Seo1,2,*
Int J Mol Sci. 2011; 12(12): 9576–9595. Published online 2011 Dec 20. doi:  10.3390/ijms12129576
"Unique mechanisms of 'specific carcinogenic metals cannot be excluded: such as ... direct DNA binding of trivalent chromium....

"Previous reports suggest that ascorbate is a primary reducer of Cr(VI) in cells. However, ascorbate has dual opposing roles in Cr(VI) intoxication, as a protective-antioxidant outside and a prooxidant inside of cells. The ascorbate-initiated reduction of Cr(VI) inside cells cause high amounts of chromium-DNA adducts, allowing for DNA mutation. In addition, Cr(VI)is also reduced through non-enzymatic reactions with Cys and glutathione. The primary reductant of Cr(VI)in mitochondria seems to be NAD(P)H, resulting in stable Cr(III) with relatively higher DNA affinity than that of Cr(VI) ."

 

[tara]

Do you take from this that there is no need to get any chromium even from food? I had been going on the old story that it was necessary for good sugar handling, but this seems to be in doubt. It was one of the things I thought was useful in mushrooms and yeast.

 

[haidut]

post 119398 Do you take from this that there is no need to get any chromium even from food? I had been going on the old story that it was necessary for good sugar handling, but this seems to be in doubt. It was one of the things I thought was useful in mushrooms and yeast.

I don't know how much chromium is in mushrooms, but it is probably not picolinate. The picolinate portion itself does serious damage. The blood sugar lowering effects of chromium are not well known/explained and it is not necessarily a good thing. The drugs on the market like Invokana that lower blood sugar can kill a person through ketoacidosis and also damage DNA. To me, glycine/gelatin are the safest natural way to control blood sugar. Gleatin was used 100 years ago as a treatment for diabetes. The studies below back up that approach.

http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/76/6/1302.full
"...Results: Plasma concentrations of glycine and glucagon were elevated after the ingestion of glycine, as expected. The serum insulin concentration also was slightly elevated after the ingestion of glycine alone. When glycine was ingested with glucose, the plasma glucose area response was attenuated by > 50% compared with the response after the ingestion of glucose alone. The dynamics of the insulin response after the ingestion of glycine plus glucose were modestly different from those after the ingestion of glucose alone, but the area response was not significantly different.
Conclusion: The data are compatible with the hypothesis that oral glycine stimulates the secretion of a gut hormone that potentiates the effect of insulin on glucose removal from the circulation."


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25120925

"...Glucose, insulin, and glucagon were measured frequently for 2.5 hours. Net areas were calculated. Results. The glucose area response decreased by 66%. The insulin area response increased by 24% after ingestion of Leu + Gly + glucose compared to ingestion of glucose alone. The decrease in glucose response was not additive; the increase in insulin response was far less than additive when compared to previously published individual amino acid results. The glucagon concentration remained unchanged. Conclusion. There is an interaction between Leu and Gly that results in a markedly attenuated glucose response. This occurred with a very modest increase in insulin response. Changes in glucagon response could not explain the results. The mechanism is unknown."

 

[ecstatichamster]

what does it mean Haidut, the glucose area response increased?

 

[haidut]

post 119549 what does it mean Haidut, the glucose area response increased?

Actually, the glucose area response decreased, not increased. It means the glycemic response to glucose decreased by 60%+ when ingesting glycine. In other words, glycine lowers the GI of glucose dramatically. As such it would be good to eat gelatin with starch, and gelatin itself as a protein probably does not stimulate insulin release as much as other proteins like milk, cheese, and muscle meats. This means diabetics can probably use gelatin to reduce the amount of insulin they use and type II diabetics can restore normal blood glucose levels.
Here is more:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycemic_index

"...The glycemic index of a food is defined as the incremental area under the two-hour blood glucose response curve (AUC) following a 12-hour fast and ingestion of a food with a certain quantity of available carbohydrate (usually 50 g). The AUC of the test food is divided by the AUC of the standard (either glucose or white bread, giving two different definitions) and multiplied by 100. The average GI value is calculated from data collected in 10 human subjects. Both the standard and test food must contain an equal amount of available carbohydrate. The result gives a relative ranking for each tested food."

 

[Giraffe]

Do you take from this that there is no need to get any chromium even from food? I had been going on the old story that it was necessary for good sugar handling, but this seems to be in doubt.

It seems a little bit of chromium is needed.

There are three documented cases of patients becoming insulin resistant after several months of parental nutrition lacking chromium. It was fully reversed after chromium was added.

 

[belcanto]

Well, that's money I don't have to spend on chromium supplements. Thank you!

I would like more information on the old gelatin treatment for blood sugar; I searched the Internet in various ways but only came up with cures for joint pain. Looks like I need to order another case of collagen . . . .

 

[Parsifal]

I think that Ray said that his father cured his diabete with brewer's yeast which is very high in chromium and B vitamins?

 

[zane93]

It seems a little bit of chromium is needed.

Thoughts on supplementing with 100 mcg of GTF Chromium? I take one a day from megafoods a whole food mineral supplement.

"The naturally-occurring form of chromium is called dinicotinic-acid glutathione complex, or GTF chromium. GTF is different from simple chromium compounds because it is more easily absorbed by your body and safer than other forms, notes John Bertram Vincent in “The Nutritional Biochemistry of Chromium.”"

Parsifal
"I think that Ray said that his father cured his diabete with brewer's yeast which is very high in chromium and B vitamins?"

I believe that brewer's yeast has GTF Chromium.

 

[Giraffe]

Parsifal
"I think that Ray said that his father cured his diabete with brewer's yeast which is very high in chromium and B vitamins?"

I was wondering if chromium is involved in the therapeutic effect of brewer's yeast, however I never heard Ray Peat mention chromium in that context, and I think we can assume that he knows chromium's effects and that brewer's yeast is high in chromium.

He mentioned brewer's yeast in the interview Diabetes II and How to Restore and Protect Nerves - KMUD, 2014-03-21

On chromium, please read the post I linked below (don't want to repeat myself).

Ray Peat thinks that chromium is too toxic to use as a supplement.

 

[ddjd]

***t. ive been taking chromium picolinate and only just read this

 

[Amazoniac]

- New Evidence against Chromium as an Essential Trace Element

 

[Blue Water]

I have a supplement that uses Chromium in the form of nicotinate glycinate chelate.

The supplement also contains some b-vitamins, magnesium and a little bit of glycine for synergy.

I was taking this a few months ago because I thought chromium was good for sugar metabolism––this supplement is actually decent for energy levels. I stopped because there are 25mg of pyridoxine HCL and I was afraid of neurotoxicity with longterm supplementation of inactive b6. Is chromium nicotinate still bad even if not picolinate version?

 

[Bozidar]

Ach. I should search this forum before I buy a supplement...

 

[AinmAnseo]

Ach. I should search this forum before I buy a supplement...

You and me both...
Time to stop gtf chromium.
Sigh.