Corona Virus How To Treat

David PS

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Zsazsa

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Efficacy and Safety of Aspirin, Promethazine, and Micronutrients for Rapid Clinical Recovery in Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Patients: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Introduction
In the present study, the combination of two tablets, one with Aspirin and Promethazine and the other with vitamin D3, C, and B3 along with zinc and selenium supplementation was proposed as an intervention (APMV2020). The ingredients in the formulation represent a precise, tailored therapy for the symptoms of COVID-19, combined with natural constituents to help the body itself build immunity to recover from infection. The present study was conducted to clinically validate the safety and efficacy of the APMV2020 tablets.

Trial design
The present trial is a randomized, multicentric, controlled clinical trial involving 260 mild to moderate COVID-19 patients. The treatment duration was of 10 days.

Methodology
The subjects were randomized to receive either the control intervention (clinical management protocol for COVID-19 advocated by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) or the test intervention (treatment with APMV2020 tablets along with the standard control treatment. The assessment days were baseline, days five and 10.

Results
APMV2020 significantly (<0.05) improved symptoms of COVID-19 like cough, myalgia, headache, and anosmia as compared to the control group. APMV2020 treatment also reduced inflammatory markers like lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ferritin, and C-reactive protein (CRP).

Conclusion
APMV2020 can prove as a good candidate to be integrated into the COVID-19 management protocol. As it can offer speedy clinical recovery to reduce the burden on healthcare infrastructure, second, the combination shows significant anti-inflammatory potential to improve prognosis, and lastly, the immunomodulatory properties offer long-term protection that can help in combating long COVID symptoms and complications.
 

Grapelander

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Can biowarfare agents be defeated with light?

Germicidal UV (UVC) is exceptionally active in destroying a wide range of viruses and microbial cells, and recent data suggests that UVC has high selectivity over host mammalian cells and tissues.

The combination of photosensitizing dyes such as porphyrins or phenothiaziniums and red light is called photodynamic therapy (PDT) or photoinactivation, and this approach cannot only kill bacteria, spores, and fungi, but also inactivate viruses and toxins. Many reports have highlighted the ability of PDT to treat infections and stimulate the host immune system.

Sunlight Kills Coronavirus – US Dept Of Homeland Security Study

Lab experiments showed that the coronavirus does not survive long in high temperatures and high humidity, and is quickly destroyed by sunlight, providing evidence from controlled tests.

Makes you wonder why are they testing the sewage? :beaver:
 

Grapelander

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Natural Immunity & Viral Infections - Ray Peat - Townsend Letter Aug/Sep 1988 <Page 358 - 359>

There is a long history of anesthetic substances being used to treat viral diseases. Abrams, in a 1910 textbook, described the use of chloroform to cure a viral disease in a horse. Camphor, besides being used as a local anesthetic and a heart stimulant, has been used to treat influenza and other systemic diseases, and is one of the oldest topical treatments for herpes sores. More recently, a veterinarian reported curing an virus disease in a dog with an anesthetic dose of ether.

Adamantane, which can be extracted from petroleum, is a close structural analog of camphor, and smells like camphor. With the addition of a nitrogen atom, it is water soluble, and is an effective anti-viral agent, and is also widely used in treating Parkinson's disease (its function is cholinolytic), and more recently is being used in preventing withdrawal symptoms in cocaine addiction.' It is not metabolized, and does not present the genetic risk that has recently been recognized for other antiviral agents which disrupt viral DNA.

The fact that the body is well supplied with substances which -at a slightly higher concentration - are anesthetics. and which are depleted by the stresses which predispose to viral infections, suggests that they may normally have a camphor-like anti-viral activity. Some of these substances, the anesthetic steroids, have been found to prevent some viral infections, and they also have a wide range of anti-toxic effects. Pregnenolone, progesterone, DHEA, and pregnanediol are all good candidates as antiviral drugs, but etiocholanolone - which also produces fever is the most interesting of the group.

It is well-known that stress, acting mainly through the glucocorticoid hormones, damages immunity by destroying thymus cells. The anesthetic steroids, especially progesterone, normally reduce the need for secretion of cortisol, but also act as a protective buffer against the damaging effects of cortisol. Although a physiologically balanced amount of cortisol induces enzymes of detoxification, for example in the intestine, an unopposed excess causes destruction of these enzymes, eliminating much of the intestine's barrier function, and leading to allergies. This action of cortisol against the thymus and against the bowel's detoxifying enzymes very likely counts for the common association of allergies with virus infections. Since cortisol has a destabilizing, pro-convulsant effect on the nervous system, there are likely to be psychological symptoms - anything from compulsive behavior to depression or seizures - associated with the other chronic conditions.

In the last century, it was observed that digitoxin (a natural steroid derivative) lowered the fever caused by enteritis. This is probably another example of a catatoxic function, a protective function common to many steroids, and probably worked by way of stabilizing the detoxifying enzymes and preventing the absorption of endotoxin. Endotoxin is known to destabilize and inactivate the bowel's detoxifying enzymes, just as an overdose of cortisol does.

Adequate energy, for example as available glucose is protective against cortisol-induced catabolism. White blood cells can protect themselves by metabolizing cortisol in the presence of sufficient glucose.

Some of the consequences of stress are not catabolic. When the detoxifying enzymes have been lost, then bowel toxins block other basic enzyme systems, leading for example to slowed protein turnover and decreased activity of superoxide dismutase. The consequent increase of lipid peroxidation will decrease steroid synthesis. Stress also leads to the production of intracellular toxins, including ammonia and carbon monoxide, which tend to perpetuate the blocked state.

While W.F. Koch was interested in the body's own oxidative free radical system of destroying toxins and pathogens, he studied several natural quinones found in medicinal plants. Recent work has found that phototoxins extracted from plants can kill mouse-cytomegalovirus without damaging the mouse cells.

The basic approach to controlling viral diseases should be to support natural immunity, by maintaining energy production at a high level by unblocking and stabilizing the detoxifying enzymes, including mono-oxygenases, proteolytic enzymes, SOD, and nucleases, and by avoiding prolonged catabolic states.
Many natural substances are available which promote these ends, without risk.

While this approach supports the known mechanism of the immune system, including protection of thymus cells and activation of the various white cell mechanisms of attack, it has the novel feature of altering cells physically to retard viral assembly, increasing their exposure to nucleases, proteases. and mono-oxygenases; that is it mobilizes immune processes in cells which are not part of the immune system. By eliminating stress-induced susceptibility, it systematically shifts the balance toward normal functioning, and away from parasitic diversion of the organism's resources.
 

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Zsazsa

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Very interesting ( @Rinse & rePeat is a frequent nettle user)

Personally I found that histamine-lowering agents were the best intervention against Omicron (after infection).

Submitted preprint here
Carbohydrate-Binding Protein from Stinging Nettle as Fusion Inhibitor for SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern

Abstract
Urtica dioica agglutinin (UDA) is a carbohydrate-binding small monomeric protein isolated from stinging nettle rhizomes. It inhibits replication of a broad range of viruses, including coronaviruses, in multiple cell types, with appealing selectivity. In this work, we investigated the potential of UDA as a broad-spectrum antiviral agent against SARS-CoV-2. UDA potently blocks entry of pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 in A549.ACE2+-TMPRSS2 cells, with IC50 values ranging from 0.32 to 1.22 µM. Furthermore, UDA prevents viral replication of the early Wuhan-Hu-1 strain in Vero E6 cells (IC50 = 225 nM), but also the replication of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, including Alpha, Beta and Gamma (IC50 ranging from 115 to 171 nM). In addition, UDA exerts antiviral activity against the latest circulating Delta and Omicron variant in U87.ACE2+ cells (IC50 values are 1.6 and 0.9 µM, respectively). Importantly, when tested in Air-Liquid Interface (ALI) primary lung epithelial cell cultures, UDA preserves antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 (20A.EU2 variant) in the nanomolar range. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) studies demonstrated a concentration-dependent binding of UDA to the viral spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, suggesting interference of UDA with cell attachment or subsequent virus entry. Moreover, in additional mechanistic studies with cell-cell fusion assays, UDA inhibited SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-mediated membrane fusion. Finally, pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 mutants with N-glycosylation deletions in the S2 subunit of the spike protein remained sensitive to the antiviral activity of UDA. In conclusion, our data establish UDA as a potent and broad-spectrum fusion inhibitor for SARS-CoV-2.


Some of the previous publications:

2022
Heliyon
Volume 8, Issue 6, June 2022, e09717
Journal home page for Heliyon
Review article
Nutritional and pharmacological importance of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.): A review

Abstract
Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) is a wild herbaceous perennial blooming plant that is commonly known as stinging nettle. It’s a common, multi-purpose crop that’s sometimes overlooked. Europe, Asia, North Africa, and North America are all home to stinging nettle. It is a plant that’s edible and has nutritional and medicinal properties. Young leaves can be used to make curries, herb soups, and sour soups. The root of the stinging nettle is used to treat mictional difficulties associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia, while the leaves are used to treat arthritis, rheumatism, and allergic rhinitis. Its leaves are abundant in fiber, minerals, vitamins, and antioxidant compounds like polyphenols and carotenoids, as well as antioxidant compounds like polyphenols and carotenoids. Stinging nettle has antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, anti-infectious, hypotensive, and antiulcer characteristics, as well as the ability to prevent cardiovascular disease, in all parts of the plant (leaves, stems, roots, and seeds). Stinging nettle improves fish reproductive performance, making it a cost-effective aquaculture plant. Fertilizer and insecticides can be made from the plants. This review examines the nutritional and pharmacological aspects of stinging nettle, as well as its possible health advantages. Scientists, farmers, and academicians interested in stinging nettle collecting, cultivation, research, and development would find this review useful.

2021
Virology
Research Article
17 February 2021
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In Vitro Characterization of the Carbohydrate-Binding Agents HHA, GNA, and UDA as Inhibitors of Influenza A and B Virus Replication

ABSTRACT
Here, we report on the anti-influenza virus activity of the mannose-binding agents Hippeastrum hybrid agglutinin (HHA) and Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) and the (N-acetylglucosamine)n-specific Urtica dioica agglutinin (UDA). These carbohydrate-binding agents (CBA) strongly inhibited various influenza A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and B viruses in vitro, with 50% effective concentration values ranging from 0.016 to 83 nM, generating selectivity indexes up to 125,000. Somewhat less activity was observed against A/Puerto Rico/8/34 and an A(H1N1)pdm09 strain. In time-of-addition experiments, these CBA lost their inhibitory activity when added 30 min postinfection (p.i.). Interference with virus entry processes was also evident from strong inhibition of virus-induced hemolysis at low pH. However, a direct effect on acid-induced refolding of the viral hemagglutinin (HA) was excluded by the tryptic digestion assay. Instead, HHA treatment of HA-expressing cells led to a significant reduction of plasma membrane mobility. Crosslinking of membrane glycoproteins, through interaction with HA, could also explain the inhibitory effect on the release of newly formed virions when HHA was added at 6 h p.i. These CBA presumably interact with one or more N-glycans on the globular head of HA, since their absence led to reduced activity against mutant influenza B viruses and HHA-resistant A(H1N1) viruses. The latter condition emerged only after 33 cell culture passages in the continuous presence of HHA, and the A(H3N2) virus retained full sensitivity even after 50 passages. Thus, these CBA qualify as potent inhibitors of influenza A and B viruses in vitro with a pleiotropic mechanism of action and a high barrier for viral resistance.

2011
FUTURE VIROLOGY VOL. 6, NO. 5 REVIEW
Recent developments in anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus chemotherapy
Dale L Barnard & Yohichi Kumaki
Published Online:24 May 2011 https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl.11.33

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) emerged in early 2003 to cause a very severe acute respiratory syndrome, which eventually resulted in a 10% case-fatality rate. Owing to excellent public health measures that isolated focus cases and their contacts, and the use of supportive therapies, the epidemic was suppressed to the point that further cases have not appeared since 2005. However, despite intensive research since then (over 3500 publications), it remains an untreatable disease. The potential for re-emergence of the SARS-CoV or a similar virus with unknown but potentially serious consequences remains high. This is due in part to the extreme genetic variability of RNA viruses such as the coronaviruses, the many animal reservoirs that seem to be able host the SARS-CoV in which reassortment or recombination events could occur and the ability coronaviruses have to transmit relatively rapidly from species to species in a short period of time. Thus, it seems prudent to continue to explore and develop antiviral chemotherapies to treat SARS-CoV infections. To this end, the various efficacious anti-SARS-CoV therapies recently published from 2007 to 2010 are reviewed in this article. In addition, compounds that have been tested in various animal models and were found to reduce virus lung titers and/or were protective against death in lethal models of disease, or otherwise have been shown to ameliorate the effects of viral infection, are also reported.

....
Inhibiting virus attachment by binding to the virus may be another way of preventing a SARS infection in vivo. Stinging nettle lectin, UDA, is an N-acetyl glucosamine-specific lectin that was reported to be a potent and selective inhibitor of the SARS-CoV strain Frankfurt-1 [84]. Plant lectins like UDA probably target viral attachment and fusion, and exocytosis or egress of the virus from the cell [110]. UDA treatment (mg/kg/day) of BALB/c mice infected with a lethal mouse-adapted strain of Urbani (v2163) resulted in 50% protection from death up to 10 days after infection but no reduction in lung virus titer [85]. In addition, reduction of IL-6 in lungs of mice treated at day 3 post-virus exposure was detected, in contrast with infected mice in which IL-6 levels were extremely high at day 3 post-virus infection [85]. A replicate 21-day study showed that when mice were treated with 15 mg/kg/day, 40% protection from death was achieved with no measurable toxicity.
....

2011
Antiviral Res. 2011 Apr; 90(1): 22–32.
Published online 2011 Feb 19. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.02.003
Inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication in a lethal SARS-CoV BALB/c mouse model by stinging nettle lectin, Urtica dioica agglutinin

Abstract
Urtica dioica agglutinin (UDA) is a small plant monomeric lectin, 8.7 kDa in size, with an N-acetylglucosamine specificity that inhibits viruses from Nidovirales in vitro. In the current study, we first examined the efficacy of UDA on the replication of different SARS-CoV strains in Vero 76 cells. UDA inhibited virus replication in a dose-dependent manner and reduced virus yields of the Urbani strain by 90% at 1.1 ± 0.4 μg/ml in Vero 76 cells. Then, UDA was tested for efficacy in a lethal SARS-CoV-infected BALB/c mouse model. BALB/c mice were infected with two LD50 (575 PFU) of virus for 4 h before the mice were treated intraperitoneally with UDA at 20, 10, 5 or 0 mg/kg/day for 4 days. Treatment with UDA at 5 mg/kg significantly protected the mice against a lethal infection with mouse-adapted SARS-CoV (p < 0.001), but did not significantly reduce virus lung titers. All virus-infected mice receiving UDA treatments were also significantly protected against weight loss (p < 0.001). UDA also effectively reduced lung pathology scores. At day 6 after virus exposure, all groups of mice receiving UDA had much lower lung weights than did the placebo-treated mice. Thus, our data suggest that UDA treatment of SARS infection in mice leads to a substantial therapeutic effect that protects mice against death and weight loss. Furthermore, the mode of action of UDA in vitro was further investigated using live SARS-CoV Urbani strain virus and retroviral particles pseudotyped with SARS-CoV spike (S). UDA specifically inhibited the replication of live SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV pseudotyped virus when added just before, but not after, adsorption. These data suggested that UDA likely inhibits SARS-CoV infection by targeting early stages of the replication cycle, namely, adsorption or penetration. In addition, we demonstrated that UDA neutralizes the virus infectivity, presumably by binding to the SARS-CoV spike (S) glycoprotein. Finally, the target molecule for the inhibition of virus replication was partially characterized. When UDA was exposed to N-acetylglucosamine and then UDA was added to cells just prior to adsorption, UDA did not inhibit the virus infection. These data support the conclusion that UDA might bind to N-acetylglucosamine-like residues present on the glycosylated envelope glycoproteins, thereby preventing virus attachment to cells.

2005
Journal of Biological Chemistry
Glycobiology and Extracellular Matrices
Carbohydrate-binding Agents Cause Deletions of Highly Conserved Glycosylation Sites in HIV GP120: A NEW THERAPEUTIC CONCEPT TO HIT THE ACHILLES HEEL OF HIV

Mannose-binding proteins derived from several plants (i.e. Hippeastrum hybrid and Galanthus nivalis agglutinin) or prokaryotes (i.e. cyanovirin-N) inhibit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication and select for drug-resistant viruses that show profound deletion of N-glycosylation sites in the GP120 envelope (Balzarini, J., Van Laethem, K., Hatse, S., Vermeire, K., De Clercq, E., Peumans, W., Van Damme, E., Vandamme, A.-M., Bolmstedt, A., and Schols, D. (2004) J. Virol. 78, 10617-10627; Balzarini, J., Van Laethem, K., Hatse, S., Froeyen, M., Van Damme, E., Bolmstedt, A., Peumans, W., De Clercq, E., and Schols, D. (2005) Mol. Pharmacol. 67, 1556-1565). Here we demonstrated that the N-acetylglucosamine-binding protein from Urtica dioica (UDA) prevents HIV entry and eventually selects for viruses in which conserved N-glycosylation sites in GP120 were deleted. In contrast to the mannose-binding proteins, which have a 50-100-fold decreased antiviral activity against the UDA-exposed mutant viruses, UDA has decreased anti-HIV activity to a very limited extent, even against those mutant virus strains that lack at least 9 of 22 (∼40%) glycosylation sites in their GP120 envelope. Therefore, UDA represents the prototype of a new conceptual class of carbohydrate-binding agents with an unusually specific and targeted drug resistance profile. It forces HIV to escape drug pressure by deleting the indispensable glycans on its GP120, thereby obligatorily exposing previously hidden immunogenic epitopes on its envelope.
 

David PS

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Thanks for the study. It is the root (rhizome) of the nettle plant and not the leaves. Health shops sell both separately.


The root has high contents of glycine, cysteine and tryptophan.
 
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Zsazsa

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Thanks for the study. It is the root (rhizome) of the nettle plant and not the leaves. Health shops sell both separately.


The root has high contents of glycine, cysteine and tryptophan.
Yes, I forgot to mention that the tea made from leaves doesn't cut for it, although its anti-histaminic effect might be helpful after infection. I tried green tea for its high quercetin content, but the tea is probably too immunostimulant and made symptoms worse.
 

teds

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From the article

AstraZeneca, on the other hand, would prefer you didn’t get Covid-19 at all. ‘Fortuitously’ for all of us, they have a prophylactic injection lined up. Behold AstraZeneca's Evusheld, said to stop the ‘virus’ mutating. It is an investigational medicine, which means it is still being studied. There is limited information known about the safety and effectiveness of using Evusheld for pre-exposure prevention of Covid-19 (prophylaxis). It is allowed to be used in adolescents of 12 years and older, and adults.

Evusheld will also be administered to people who have suffered a serious adverse reaction to a Covid-19 vaccine or one of its ingredients.

It has been authorised by the FDA under an Emergency Use Authorisation (EMA) and by the MHRA under its equivalent, although—considering we are no longer in a state of emergency—I am failing to understand the logic behind this. I would expect the autumnal refrains as to who must be given these injections to include the most vulnerable in society, those who are immunocompromised and those who have cancer, to ‘keep them safe’.

Evusheld is a monoclonal antibody containing Tixagevimab and Cilgavimab. It will be given in a course of two consecutive injections. Those accepting it will be told that due to the existence of different variants, they will need reinjecting every six months.

It's great to know that AstraZeneca is enjoying huge sales growth of more than 20% this year and that doctors are highly eager to prescribe Evusheld and make it available to the great unjabbed and those deemed vulnerable.

So, given Covid cases are dwindling, why all the fuss? Or are we supposed to be expecting something else? I suspect we have more fear and propaganda to come.
 
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Lollipop2

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Nice @Zsazsa. Thank you.
 
EMF Mitigation - Flush Niacin - Big 5 Minerals

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