dd99
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- Apr 26, 2014
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From Oxygen Advantage by Patrick McKeown:
Performing a breath hold after an exhalation lowers the oxygen saturation of the blood to simulate the effects of high-altitude training. I have monitored the blood oxygen saturation of thousands of individuals as they practise breath holds, and by far the greatest change to oxygen saturation occurs after an exhalation. For most people, after four or five days of practice, a drop of oxygen saturation below 94 per cent can be observed – a level comparative to the effects of living at an altitude of 2,500 to 4,000 metres. Gently exhaling prior to holding the breath reduces air content in the lungs, allowing a quicker build-up of carbon dioxide and eliciting a stronger response. While this reduces the length of time for which you can hold your breath, increased carbon dioxide has been shown to improve haemoglobin concentration by around 10 per cent compared to a breath hold with normal carbon dioxide levels. Higher levels of carbon dioxide in the blood can produce an even greater contraction of the spleen, resulting in an increase in the release of red blood cells and therefore the oxygenation of the blood. Increased CO2 in the blood also causes haemoglobin to dissociate the oxygen it is carrying more readily. As described by the Bohr Effect, an increase in carbon dioxide decreases blood pH and causes oxygen to be offloaded from haemoglobin to the tissues, further reducing blood oxygen saturation.