Constatine
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https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(19)38364-7/abstract_56586120?mobileUi=0
"Background and Aim: Coffee is one of the most popular beverages in the world. Consumption
of coffee is inversely associated with the risk of constipation (Murakami et al, 2006). We
hypothesized that the benefit may be related to the effects of coffee on gut microbiota and
smooth muscle contractility, two key contributors to normal motility. The present study
investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of coffee on gut microbiota and smooth muscle
contractility of the small intestine and colon in rats. Methods: Coffee solution was prepared
by dissolving 100% Arabica coffee powder in hot water with further centrifugation and
filtration. In the bacterial growth inhibition assay, serial dilutions of intraluminal fecal
contents isolated from naïve rats were plated on regular LB agar and LB agar containing
1.5% or 3.0% coffee. Bacterial colonies were counted 24 h later. In the in vivo studies,
coffee solution (250 mg in 2 mL water) was administered by gavage daily for 3 days.
Microbiota abundance and composition were measured by culture and real-time qPCR. The
in vivo and in vitro effects of coffee on ileal and colon longitudinal muscle contractility
were determined in muscle bath. Results: Compared to regular LB agar (9.65 x 109 CFU/
gram), the growth of microbiomes of the intraluminal colon contents was significantly (p=
0.009) suppressed in LB agar with 1.5% coffee (9.31 x 109 CFU/gram). With 3% coffee,
the growth of microbiome was further suppressed to 5.02 x 105 CFU/gram, p = 0.000).
Interestingly, 3% decaffeinated coffee had similar inhibitory effect on gut microbiota (5.04
x 105 CFU/gram, p=0.000). Coffee treatment in vivo also significantly suppressed gut
microbiome. After 3-day treatment with coffee, the viable bacteria (counted in anaerobic
and aerobic culture conditions separately) were decreased from 1.50 x 1010 to 9.16 x 109
(CFU/gram of contents, p = 0.03) in the colon, and from 6.21 x 109 to 3.47 x 109 (CFU/
gram of contents, p = 0.01) in the ileum. The qPCR data found that coffee treatment had
a trend to decrease the relative abundance of enterobacteria and increase firmicutes in the
gut (p > 0.05). Coffee treatment in vitro demonstrated a stimulating effect in a dose-
dependent manner (0.1 to 5 mg/mL) on both rhythmic physic contractions and tonic
contractions in the ileal and colonic smooth muscle. Coffee at 1 mg/mL significantly increased
the integral contractions of ileal and colon smooth muscle by 243(±26) % and 478(±45)
% (p < 0.01 vs. control), respectively. Decaffeinated coffee increased smooth muscle contrac-
tility to the similar extent as regular coffee. Coffee treatment in vivo also increased intestinal
smooth muscle contractility. Conclusions: Our in vitro and in vivo studies show that coffee
stimulates intestinal smooth muscle contractility and inhibits gut microbiota in a caffeine-
independent manner."
"Background and Aim: Coffee is one of the most popular beverages in the world. Consumption
of coffee is inversely associated with the risk of constipation (Murakami et al, 2006). We
hypothesized that the benefit may be related to the effects of coffee on gut microbiota and
smooth muscle contractility, two key contributors to normal motility. The present study
investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of coffee on gut microbiota and smooth muscle
contractility of the small intestine and colon in rats. Methods: Coffee solution was prepared
by dissolving 100% Arabica coffee powder in hot water with further centrifugation and
filtration. In the bacterial growth inhibition assay, serial dilutions of intraluminal fecal
contents isolated from naïve rats were plated on regular LB agar and LB agar containing
1.5% or 3.0% coffee. Bacterial colonies were counted 24 h later. In the in vivo studies,
coffee solution (250 mg in 2 mL water) was administered by gavage daily for 3 days.
Microbiota abundance and composition were measured by culture and real-time qPCR. The
in vivo and in vitro effects of coffee on ileal and colon longitudinal muscle contractility
were determined in muscle bath. Results: Compared to regular LB agar (9.65 x 109 CFU/
gram), the growth of microbiomes of the intraluminal colon contents was significantly (p=
0.009) suppressed in LB agar with 1.5% coffee (9.31 x 109 CFU/gram). With 3% coffee,
the growth of microbiome was further suppressed to 5.02 x 105 CFU/gram, p = 0.000).
Interestingly, 3% decaffeinated coffee had similar inhibitory effect on gut microbiota (5.04
x 105 CFU/gram, p=0.000). Coffee treatment in vivo also significantly suppressed gut
microbiome. After 3-day treatment with coffee, the viable bacteria (counted in anaerobic
and aerobic culture conditions separately) were decreased from 1.50 x 1010 to 9.16 x 109
(CFU/gram of contents, p = 0.03) in the colon, and from 6.21 x 109 to 3.47 x 109 (CFU/
gram of contents, p = 0.01) in the ileum. The qPCR data found that coffee treatment had
a trend to decrease the relative abundance of enterobacteria and increase firmicutes in the
gut (p > 0.05). Coffee treatment in vitro demonstrated a stimulating effect in a dose-
dependent manner (0.1 to 5 mg/mL) on both rhythmic physic contractions and tonic
contractions in the ileal and colonic smooth muscle. Coffee at 1 mg/mL significantly increased
the integral contractions of ileal and colon smooth muscle by 243(±26) % and 478(±45)
% (p < 0.01 vs. control), respectively. Decaffeinated coffee increased smooth muscle contrac-
tility to the similar extent as regular coffee. Coffee treatment in vivo also increased intestinal
smooth muscle contractility. Conclusions: Our in vitro and in vivo studies show that coffee
stimulates intestinal smooth muscle contractility and inhibits gut microbiota in a caffeine-
independent manner."