Candeias
Member
- Joined
- Apr 29, 2018
- Messages
- 220
Antifungal Action of Methylene Blue Involves Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Disruption of Redox and Membrane Homeostasis in C. albicans
"Firstly, we demonstrated the antifungal activity of MB and found that MB was efficiently showing its anti-candidal effect not only against C. albicans but also for non albicans species of Candida. Three independent drug susceptibility testings; spot assay, filter disc assay and broth microdilution assay were conducted to demonstrate that MB was antifungal against C. albicans reference strain as well as clinical isolates at 100µg/ml and inhibits the growth of C. krusei and C. tropicalis at 300 and 200µg/ml respectively. Interestingly, MB showed no effect on C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis even upto 600µg/ml (data not shown) suggesting there might exists alternative mechanisms to cope up with MB stress. There are many reports which suggest that current therapeutic drugs clinically available are losing their effectiveness. For instance fluconazole shows its antifungal activity in C. albicans (ATCC10261) at 16µg/ml which goes up to the range of 85-110µg/ml for the resistant strains of Candida [32]. Similarly, MIC values for amphotericin B and caspofungin lies in the ranges 0.03-0.125µg/ml and 0.25-2µg/ml respectively. Moreover, a recent study suggests that resistance rates of Candida for amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole were 2.9%, 5.9%, 4.2% and 2.5%, respectively. Under such circumstances, it becomes compelling to look for new drugs such as MB and explore their targets."
I don't know if Methylene Blue alone is practical against Candida, as it seems to be a bit high concentration. Although it would be great to see its synergistic effect on MICs with niacinamide, aspirin and even allopathic antifungals. And if fungi do not effectively gain resistance to these substances, unlike conventional antifungals, but I don't find any good studies yet.
"Firstly, we demonstrated the antifungal activity of MB and found that MB was efficiently showing its anti-candidal effect not only against C. albicans but also for non albicans species of Candida. Three independent drug susceptibility testings; spot assay, filter disc assay and broth microdilution assay were conducted to demonstrate that MB was antifungal against C. albicans reference strain as well as clinical isolates at 100µg/ml and inhibits the growth of C. krusei and C. tropicalis at 300 and 200µg/ml respectively. Interestingly, MB showed no effect on C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis even upto 600µg/ml (data not shown) suggesting there might exists alternative mechanisms to cope up with MB stress. There are many reports which suggest that current therapeutic drugs clinically available are losing their effectiveness. For instance fluconazole shows its antifungal activity in C. albicans (ATCC10261) at 16µg/ml which goes up to the range of 85-110µg/ml for the resistant strains of Candida [32]. Similarly, MIC values for amphotericin B and caspofungin lies in the ranges 0.03-0.125µg/ml and 0.25-2µg/ml respectively. Moreover, a recent study suggests that resistance rates of Candida for amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole were 2.9%, 5.9%, 4.2% and 2.5%, respectively. Under such circumstances, it becomes compelling to look for new drugs such as MB and explore their targets."
I don't know if Methylene Blue alone is practical against Candida, as it seems to be a bit high concentration. Although it would be great to see its synergistic effect on MICs with niacinamide, aspirin and even allopathic antifungals. And if fungi do not effectively gain resistance to these substances, unlike conventional antifungals, but I don't find any good studies yet.
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