Tashimoto

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Here's "title-ified" versions of the links, I think this should help people that search for keywords related to their conditions.

Miscellaneous


Cancer/Hypoxia


Cortisol/Diabetes/Obesity

Inflammation/CVD


Bones/Dental


Neurological/Mental/Mood


Endotoxin/Gastrointestinal/Liver/Pancreas/Kidney


Anti-viral/Anti-bacterial/Anti-parasitic/Anti-fungal


Allergy/Respiratory
I share your enthusiasm for emodin as it doesn't seem to have obvious side effects (other than accelerated gut transit), unlike things cyproheptadine which side effects can make it very impractical for some (drowsyness, mood and a lot more complaints on this forum).

Speaking of side effects, have you looked at this recent thread? Cascara Supresses Immune System

Wow! This is a great service you and Dan Wich have done here to share such a wealth of references. Many thanks.
 
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Philomath

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This thread is similar to the one I created for beta-lapachone and in support of the Lapodin supplement I released.

Lapodin: Lapodin - Dietary Supplement With Beta-lapachone And Emodin

Beta-lapachone: Amazing Medicinal Properties Of Beta-lapachone (β-lapachone)

I know Ray has written about some of the positive effects of emodin - an anthraquinone from Cascara, rhubarb, burdock, etc. However, there is no condensed list of the studies on its effects. Today, I released the supplement Lapodin and it contains emodin.

In the past, people have complained that the thread on my supplements is daunting to read when I dump there a few dozen studies. So, I thought that instead of overwhelming the Lapodin thread with studies I'd better post them separately and then simply refer people to this thread.
So here is the avalanche of positive studies for emodin. I sincerely doubt that any pharmaceutical drug (besides possibly aspirin and cyproheptadine) has been the subject of so many independent (read: unsponsored / untainted) studies, over so many years, for so many different issues. If my prediction of systemic effect magnitude being predictive of benefit is true then emodin easily beats any pharma drug sold in the last 30 years. Being a potent quinone, most (if not all) of the emodin benefits are due to its stimulation of respiration and especially raising NAD levels.
I did my best to separate the studies in sections by topic but I may have misplaced a few studies, so if you find such a case please let me know so that I can put it in the right section/topic.



Miscellaneous
Emodin, an anthraquinone derivative, protects against gamma radiation-induced toxicity by inhibiting DNA damage and oxidative stress. - PubMed - NCBI
Targeted abrogation of diverse signal transduction cascades by emodin for the treatment of inflammatory disorders and cancer. - PubMed - NCBI
Emodin and Aloe-Emodin Suppress Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation through ER α Inhibition. - PubMed - NCBI (anti-estrogen)
Emodin prevents ethanol-induced developmental anomalies in cultured mouse fetus through multiple activities. - PubMed - NCBI
Inhibition of experimental atopic dermatitis by rhubarb (rhizomes of Rheum tanguticum) and 5-lipoxygenase inhibition of its major constituent, emodin. - PubMed - NCBI
Emodin, an anthraquinone derivative from Rheum officinale Baill, enhances cutaneous wound healing in rats. - PubMed - NCBI



Cancer/Hypoxia
[Effects of emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside on cell apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2/Bax in cervical cancer SKOV3 cells]. - PubMed - NCBI
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26782786
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26722474
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26722264
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26683360
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26682731
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26629030
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26628989
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26524020
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26238071
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26162964
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26081222
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26018259
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25987055
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25948190
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25891176
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25834536
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25744842
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25673059
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25607726
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25580427
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25370743
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25318952
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25311112
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25272825
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25187829
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25174432
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25124606
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25081669
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25040975
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24707862
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24620697
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24157255
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24115089
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24065213
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23975033
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23866157
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23848338
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23763280
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23700228
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23524196
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23484691
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23480347
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23472074
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23440366
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26555969
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23046742
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22992976
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22974371
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22876305
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22799356
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22679728
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22565822
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22532249
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22378302
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22375400
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22343391
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22321733
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22299827
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22159556
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22137788
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22040955
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22038303
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21861846
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21805032
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21769433
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21743963
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21660305
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21608232
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21542284
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21491088
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21468555
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21438405
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21382473



Cortisol/Diabetes/Obesity
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26759701
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26626587
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26299942
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25232702
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24981886
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24691542
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24140264
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23303186
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22922341
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22673833
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22649478
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22645054
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22408453
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20718744
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19699280
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18785977
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17511151
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12150738


Inflammation/CVD
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26159184
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26139382
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26131983
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26113441
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26001677
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25867480
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25634255
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24964845
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24855831
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24837536
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24751713
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24114447
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22791134
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22667136
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22426603
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22271272
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21881229
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21767904
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17939930
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16494030



Bones/Dental
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25832436
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25187845
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24594415
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24565373
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23729279
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23685361
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21245807
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20368118
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18387517



Neurological/Mental/Mood
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25590369
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25562207
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25064046
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25206430
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21303687
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21275776
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21137369
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24932776
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20863847
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20573598
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18301953
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17897641



Endotoxin/Gastrointestinal/Liver/Pancreas/Kidney
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26742314
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26550148
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26308161
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26084177
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26031413
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25957424
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25792514
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25565015
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25351888
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25347274
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25228362
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25173984
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24912640
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24874440
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24750844
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24741989
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24740873
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24727085
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24649070
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24190079
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24189982
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24028150
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23605470
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23551520
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23499696
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22735924
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22563203
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22452333
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22103790
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22044459
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22020806
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21912566
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21308995
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21265105
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20575398
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19968079
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19067753
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18706249
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15918207
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11776026



Anti-viral/Anti-bacterial/Anti-parasitic/Anti-fungal
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26670446
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26621875
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26446827
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26151018
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25998658
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25966789
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25892872
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24670452
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24448066
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21356245
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21050882
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20925591
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19960563
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18552872
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16940925
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16338070
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15242821
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9462956
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8133650



Allergy/Respiratory
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25519442
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24239713
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23238477
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22484343
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21907188
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18785980

@haidut,
with so many systemic benefits, I would think this may be a good product to use for Alzheimer's/dementia.
"Emodin and the anthraquinones (and naphthoquinones, such as lapachone) weren’t the reagents that Koch considered the most powerful, but emodin can produce to some degree all of the effects that he believed could be achieved by correcting the cellular respiratory apparatus: Antiinflammatory, antifibrotic (Wang, et al., 2007) antiviral, antidepressant, heart protective, antioxidant, memory enhancing, anticancer, anxiolytic and possibly antipsychotic." -Peat

For Alzheimer's, Dr. Peat said to start out with more protective drugs like naltrexone (which I need to find) instead of jumping in with NDT which could push up metabolism too quickly. Will Lopodin increase metabolism as fast as thyroid or caffeine?
Thanks again for all your work!
 
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haidut

haidut

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@haidut,
with so many systemic benefits, I would think this may be a good product to use for Alzheimer's/dementia.
"Emodin and the anthraquinones (and naphthoquinones, such as lapachone) weren’t the reagents that Koch considered the most powerful, but emodin can produce to some degree all of the effects that he believed could be achieved by correcting the cellular respiratory apparatus: Antiinflammatory, antifibrotic (Wang, et al., 2007) antiviral, antidepressant, heart protective, antioxidant, memory enhancing, anticancer, anxiolytic and possibly antipsychotic." -Peat

For Alzheimer's, Dr. Peat said to start out with more protective drugs like naltrexone (which I need to find) instead of jumping in with NDT which could push up metabolism too quickly. Will Lopodin increase metabolism as fast as thyroid or caffeine?
Thanks again for all your work!

I don't know if it would increase metabolism as fast as thyroid, but if you read through the Lapodin thread it seems to lower people's stress hormones pretty quickly and cortisol is a big factor in neurological conditions like AD.
 
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haidut

haidut

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I searched but I didn't see this study discussed on the forum. The title is:
Inflammatory stress potentiates emodin-induced liver injury in rats.

Inflammatory stress potentiates emodin-induced liver injury in rats. - PubMed - NCBI

I know there are tons of studies posted above showing emodin is good for liver problems, but I'm curious of people's take on this study.

Very interesting, thanks. I would like see this replicated. The doses of emodin used were high but as they say in the range showing liver protection in other studies. The proposed explanation is "idiosyncratic reaction" that occurs in minority of people, and it only occur when endotoxin is present together with emodin. I would still like to see this replicated because emodin is supposed to protect from endotoxin.
"...Idiosyncratic adverse drug response is a type of adverse reaction that occurs in a minority of patients during drug therapy. Liver is one of the major organ targets (Roth and Ganey, 2011). Emodin with hepatic protective effect, is reported of hepatotoxic effects in some cases. We suspected that it might be associated with hepatic idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions (IADRs), due to no significant correlation between age, gender, dose and adverse reactions of some herbs containing it in clinic. However, the mechanism of emodin-induced liver injury has not been clarified because of the lack of experimental animal models. Previous study has been proposed that inflammatory stress may render an individual susceptible to IADRs, and numerous IDILI have been developed in LPS/drug models that support the inflammatory stress hypothesis. LPS binds to Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which is primary signaling receptors for LPS, initiates immune activating signals and leads to stimulation of inflammatory cells and consequent expression and release of numerous proinflammatory mediators (Testro and Visvanathan, 2009; Guo and Friedman, 2010). These mediators, including cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, etc.), toxic proteases, ROS, might increase liver cell sensitivity to drugs when the response is modest or lead to liver injury in aggravated conditions (Gandhi et al., 2013). In addition, clinical chemistry (especially liver enzymes ALT and AST) and histopathology data are hallmark indicators of hepatotoxicity in animal models (Zou, 2010). We evaluated the utility of LPS/drug models in terms of cytokines, clinical chemistry and histopathology to explore mechanisms of emodin-induced liver injury. When given alone, none of the doses of emodin tested (20–80 mg/kg) produced significant increases in serum cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. However, when coadministered with non-injurious LPS which induces modest inflammation, cytokine levels are significantly enhanced at the emodin dose of 20 mg/kg and greater. Neither emodin nor LPS given alone had a significant hepatotoxic effect as measured by ALT and AST activity compared to control animals. In contrast, co-treatment of rats with emodin/LPS led to a significant increase in liver injury markers expressions (ALT, AST, and TBA). The results might indicate proinflammatory episode increased liver cell sensitivity, which transformed therapeutic dosages of emodin into toxic doses and led to liver injury. Other drugs associated with idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity in humans, such as ranitidine and trovafloxacin, also had a synergistic effect on the LPS-mediated models similarly."
 

Katty

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Thanks for your thoughts, haidut. Yes, I'd like to see it replicated too. A little worrisome if emodin + endotoxin can lead to liver problems. I hate idiosyncratic responses.
 

catharsis

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@haidut, would faster transit time lower the absorption of nutrients? As far as I understand, some vitamins, K2 as an example, are absorbed more slowly than other vitamins. Currently, I am only dosing Cascara at night so it should not affect anything pre/post dose?
 
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haidut

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@haidut, would faster transit time lower the absorption of nutrients? As far as I understand, some vitamins, K2 as an example, are absorbed more slowly than other vitamins. Currently, I am only dosing Cascara at night so it should not affect anything pre/post dose?

Depends on how fast the transit is. I think if the stool is dry then absorption is not affected. If the stool is mushy or even liquid then it is likely to fast and absorption may suffer. This has not been studied very much but it is known that people with diarrhea often get vitamin and mineral deficiencies.
 

LeeLemonoil

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Emodin opposes chronic unpredictable mild stress induced depressive-like behavior in mice by upregulating the levels of hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor.
Li M1, Fu Q1, Li Y1, Li S1, Xue J1, Ma S2.
Author information
Abstract

Emodin, the major active component of Rhubarb, has shown neuroprotective activity. This study is attempted to investigate whether emodin possesses beneficial effects on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced behavioral deficits (depression-like behaviors) and explore the possible mechanisms. ICR mice were subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress for 42 consecutive days. Then, emodin and fluoxetine (positive control drug) were administered for 21 consecutive days at the last three weeks of CUMS procedure. The classical behavioral tests: open field test (OFT), sucrose preference test (SPT), tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST) were applied to evaluate the antidepressant effects of emodin. Then plasma corticosterone concentration, hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were tested to probe the mechanisms. Our results indicated that 6 weeks of CUMS exposure induced significant depression-like behavior, with high, plasma corticosterone concentration and low hippocampal GR and BDNF expression levels. Whereas, chronic emodin (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg) treatments reversed the behavioral deficiency induced by CUMS exposure. Treatment with emodin normalized the change of plasma corticosterone level, which demonstrated that emodin could partially restore CUMS-induced HPA axis impairments. Besides, hippocampal GR (mRNA and protein) and BDNF (mRNA) expressions were also up-regulated after emodin treatments. In conclusion, emodin remarkably improved depression-like behavior in CUMS mice and its antidepressant activity is mediated, at least in part, by the up-regulating GR and BDNF levels in hippocampus.
 
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Emodin opposes chronic unpredictable mild stress induced depressive-like behavior in mice by upregulating the levels of hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor.
Li M1, Fu Q1, Li Y1, Li S1, Xue J1, Ma S2.
Author information
Abstract

Emodin, the major active component of Rhubarb, has shown neuroprotective activity. This study is attempted to investigate whether emodin possesses beneficial effects on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced behavioral deficits (depression-like behaviors) and explore the possible mechanisms. ICR mice were subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress for 42 consecutive days. Then, emodin and fluoxetine (positive control drug) were administered for 21 consecutive days at the last three weeks of CUMS procedure. The classical behavioral tests: open field test (OFT), sucrose preference test (SPT), tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST) were applied to evaluate the antidepressant effects of emodin. Then plasma corticosterone concentration, hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were tested to probe the mechanisms. Our results indicated that 6 weeks of CUMS exposure induced significant depression-like behavior, with high, plasma corticosterone concentration and low hippocampal GR and BDNF expression levels. Whereas, chronic emodin (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg) treatments reversed the behavioral deficiency induced by CUMS exposure. Treatment with emodin normalized the change of plasma corticosterone level, which demonstrated that emodin could partially restore CUMS-induced HPA axis impairments. Besides, hippocampal GR (mRNA and protein) and BDNF (mRNA) expressions were also up-regulated after emodin treatments. In conclusion, emodin remarkably improved depression-like behavior in CUMS mice and its antidepressant activity is mediated, at least in part, by the up-regulating GR and BDNF levels in hippocampus.

Thanks, it is already in the original thread. The 8th study down from the top in the Neurological/Mood section.
 

Mauritio

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Emodin ameliorates ethanol-induced fatty liver injury in mice.
Anybody knows the dosage they used for fatty liver in this or other studies ?
 

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chimdp

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@haidut I've had some good luck with Lapodin reducing blood sugar spikes after meals. Because of the initial success I had with it I was doing further research into the mechanism. I came across two studies that highlight emodin inhibiting mitochondrial complexes which seem to be a negative in regards to oxidative phosphorylation. I could use someone with a more scientific mind than myself to help interpret this. Is this something to be concerned about or is this something that only happens at higher doses?

Emodin regulates glucose utilization by activating AMP-activated protein kinase. - PubMed - NCBI

"Furthermore, we found that emodin can activate AMPK by inhibiting mitochondrial respiratory complex I activity, leading to increased reactive oxygen species and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase activity. "

Inhibition of Mitochondrial Complex Function—The Hepatotoxicity Mechanism of Emodin Based on Quantitative Proteomic Analyses

"The results of our study are consistent with those of other studies on the mechanism of liver injury caused by P. multiflorum. Further mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activity analysis revealed that emodin mainly inhibits the function of all mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, leading to abnormalities in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway, a further reduction of MMP, and increasing ROS, leading to ATP synthesis disorders and eventually resulting in mitochondrial damage and apoptosis."
 

Wahmof10

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@haidut I've had some good luck with Lapodin reducing blood sugar spikes after meals. Because of the initial success I had with it I was doing further research into the mechanism. I came across two studies that highlight emodin inhibiting mitochondrial complexes which seem to be a negative in regards to oxidative phosphorylation. I could use someone with a more scientific mind than myself to help interpret this. Is this something to be concerned about or is this something that only happens at higher doses?

Emodin regulates glucose utilization by activating AMP-activated protein kinase. - PubMed - NCBI

"Furthermore, we found that emodin can activate AMPK by inhibiting mitochondrial respiratory complex I activity, leading to increased reactive oxygen species and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase activity. "

Inhibition of Mitochondrial Complex Function—The Hepatotoxicity Mechanism of Emodin Based on Quantitative Proteomic Analyses

"The results of our study are consistent with those of other studies on the mechanism of liver injury caused by P. multiflorum. Further mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activity analysis revealed that emodin mainly inhibits the function of all mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, leading to abnormalities in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway, a further reduction of MMP, and increasing ROS, leading to ATP synthesis disorders and eventually resulting in mitochondrial damage and apoptosis."

@chimdp How do you take the Lapodin? It really stains my skin if I rub it. And, how many drops do you use? TIA
 

chimdp

Member
Joined
Jan 22, 2017
Messages
67
I was doing 5 drops a day on the top of my feet or stomach. I just tried to rub it in really well. I usually wear dark socks so staining isn't an issue and for the stomach I just make sure not to wear a white undershirt if possible.
 

Wahmof10

Member
Joined
Nov 12, 2018
Messages
8
I was doing 5 drops a day on the top of my feet or stomach. I just tried to rub it in really well. I usually wear dark socks so staining isn't an issue and for the stomach I just make sure not to wear a white undershirt if possible.

Thank you
 

Scout88at

Member
Joined
Dec 13, 2020
Messages
27
ive been struggling with sleep since taking cascara. Could this be due to a drop in blood sugar? Any thoughts on possible remedies? For reference, i am hypothyroid and just started supplementing with tyromix - so i have had sleep struggles in the past but the introduction of cascara seemed to have made it worse
 
J

jb116

Guest
ive been struggling with sleep since taking cascara. Could this be due to a drop in blood sugar? Any thoughts on possible remedies? For reference, i am hypothyroid and just started supplementing with tyromix - so i have had sleep struggles in the past but the introduction of cascara seemed to have made it worse
How often do you take it? It shouldn't be used daily. Also do you take it in the morning or right before bed?
 
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