Biotin, Coenzyme Q10, And Their Combination Ameliorate Aluminium Chloride-induced Alzheimer's

Mito

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Abstract
Insulin is important for brain function and neuronal survival. Insulin signaling is initiated by the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) at tyrosine (pTyr) residue. However, IRS-1 is inhibited by phosphorylation at serine (pSer). In Alzheimer's disease (AD), oxidative stress and accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) induce neuroinflammation, which augments pSer-IRS-1 and reduces pTyr-IRS-1 disturbing insulin signaling pathway. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and biotin possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and, in this study, their impact on insulin signaling is investigated in an aluminium chloride (AlCl3 ) model of AD. AD was induced by oral administration of AlCl3 (75 mg/kg) for 60 days. Biotin (2 mg/kg), CoQ10 (10 mg/kg), and their combination were supplemented concomitantly with AlCl3 for 60 days. Memory test and histological examination were performed. Brain levels of lipid peroxides, antioxidants (reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase), inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 [IL-6], IL-1, and nuclear factor κB), and phosphorylated Akt (survival kinase) as well as protein levels of Aβ, IRS-1 (pTyr and pSer), and caspase-3 (apoptotic marker) were determined. AlCl3 resulted in impaired memory, significant increase in Aβ, lipid peroxides, inflammatory markers, caspase-3, and pSer-IRS-1, with significant reduction of the antioxidants, pTyr-IRS-1, and p-Akt reflecting Aβ-induced inflammation and defective insulin signaling. Histological examination revealed focal aggregations of inflammatory cells and neuronal degeneration. The biochemical deviations and histological changes were attenuated by the concomitant treatment with biotin and, to greater extent, with CoQ10 and the combination. In conclusion, biotin and CoQ10 could protect against AD via attenuating inflammatory response and enhancing insulin signaling.
Biotin, coenzyme Q10, and their combination ameliorate aluminium chloride-induced Alzheimer's disease via attenuating neuroinflammation and improvi... - PubMed - NCBI
 

cedric

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Intranasal rifampicin for Alzheimer's disease prevention
Intranasal rifampicin for Alzheimer's disease prevention
Tomohiro Umeda,a Akiko Tanaka,b Ayumi Sakai,a Akira Yamamoto,b Toshiyasu Sakane,c and Takami Tomiyamaa,∗
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Abstract
Introduction

Oral rifampicin has been shown to significantly reduce amyloid β (Aβ) and tau pathologies in mice. However, it shows occasional adverse effects such as liver injury in humans, making its use difficult for a long period.

Methods
To explore safer rifampicin treatment, APPOSK mice, a model of Alzheimer's disease, were treated with rifampicin for 1 month via oral, intranasal, and subcutaneous administration, and its therapeutic efficacy and safety were compared.

Results
Intranasal or subcutaneous administration of rifampicin improved memory more effectively than oral administration. The improvement of memory was accompanied with the reduction of neuropathologies, including Aβ oligomer accumulation, tau abnormal phosphorylation, and synapse loss. Serum levels of a liver enzyme significantly rose only by oral administration. Pharmacokinetic study revealed that the level of rifampicin in the brain was highest with intranasal administration.

Discussion
 

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